The islm model-finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The islm model-finance - Essay Example In the article Sir John constructed a diagram and a system of equations that represent the goods market and money market equilibrium conditions. Eventually this IS-LM model has become a famous framework for teaching, policy analysis and econometric modelling for both closed and open economies (Dimand 324). Mishkin points out that Keynes considers the total quantity demanded of an economy’s output (or aggregate output that is equivalent aggregate income) is the sum of four types of spending: (1) Consumer expenditure (C) – the total demand for consumer goods and services; (2) Planned investment spending (I) – the total planned spending by businesses on new physical capital (machines, computers, raw materials, factories, etc.); (3) Government spending (G) – the spending by all levels of government on goods and services (government workers, red tape, aircraft carriers, etc.); (4) Net exports (NX) – the net foreign spending on domestic goods and services, equal to exports minus imports (536). Aggregate demand (Yad), according to Keynes, is: Yad = C + I + G + NX and when the total quantity of output supplied (aggregate output produced) Y equals quantity of output demanded Yad: Y = Yad, so it is possible to say that equilibrium occurs in the economy (Mishki n 537). So, the Keynesian framework enables economists to analyse how aggregate output depends on changes in its constituents: autonomous consumer expenditure, planned investment spending, government spending, net exports and taxes as well. Hicks suggested his interpretation of the Keynesian model, taking into consideration three aggregate markets (money, capital and goods) (156). Hicks asserted that â€Å"in the short period the market of labour as well as price changes do not play a significant â€Å"active† role, so the model can be introduced as follows (Vercelli 4-5): where L is the aggregate demand for money (equal to

Game Design Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Game Design Plan - Essay Example But unfortunately, you do not have enough funds and needs someone to sponsor this trip. So, you ask your boss, Mr. X for help, who comes up with a very interesting deal due to his wild craze for puzzle, according to which you, the player, must go through his special area (level of a game), populated with a set number of destructible bricks and you must break all of them using a ball and a paddle, without letting the ball fall to ground; if you succeed, then you will get a chance to fly to any one historical place in the world; in this manner, as you can predict, for each place, there will be a special area. However, if you, the player, lose then you will have to work for Mr. X for a year without any pay. The core idea of the game is heavily inspired by another, similar game - Smashing (available at http://www.miniclip.com/games/smashing/en/) in which each level has a set number of destructible bricks and the player uses a ball and a paddle to break all of them to move on to the next level; if the ball falls below the game area, a paddle is lost.. Even though, this existing game is highly enjoyable but at the same time, there are various aspects that can be enhanced or added, for example, facilitating the player to select difficulty level, inclusion of distinct sound effects for ball collisions as a means to praise the player for destroying bricks or adding a game-continue feature, therefore, becoming a clear source of inspiration to modify the existing game, without compromising the core notion that made the existing game so enjoyable in the first place. II. Genre and Audience The games that are based around the dynamics of a player controlled block, called a paddle or a bat, which hits a ball towards another player's bat or game specific object are generally categorized under "Bat-and-Ball" genre. At more specialized level of this genre, those games which are characterized by the addition of a wall of blocks or similar objects, that the player chips away at with the ball as part of the main game-play, are known as "Breakout-style game" or "Breakout clone"; most of these games highly depends on hand-and-eye coordination and quick reflexes, rather than thought and logic. Some of the notable Breakout Clone games are the Arkanoid series, Circus Atari, Thro' the Wall, DX Ball and Block Breaker Deluxe. The profusion and notability of such games has been sufficient enough for them to also be referred to by some as a genre in their own right. However, since this is a fairly narrow definition of a genre, it is often not considered as such, but even then so, in the view of above statements, our proposed game can be tagged same as a Breakout-style game, and therefore, can be categorized under "Bat-and-Ball" genre. Although Smashing is a nice game and both kids and teenagers can enjoy playing it but it might not be the choice for adults as it doesn't have much to offer, especially in terms of complexity and involvedness. On the other hand, this game will not only cover the Smashing's audience, but will also take care of