Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King :: Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

Fate in Oedipus the King Fate. Even the word alone is intimidating. I rely I can safely express that everyone at one point in their lives have wondered about fate. Christian fate is something that I have never thought of before, though it is something that I believe in with all my heart. I believe that each(prenominal) person has a fate in store for them. Are human lives just a shape course of events? The idea of destiny is one that has been written about since the beginning of time. In Sophocles drama, Oedipus the King, fate seems to have a strong hold during the entire tale. How oftentimes of this story truly reflects reality? Where does Christianity fit into the picture of fate? These are the thoughts of the growing world around us. The thought of something predetermined for our lives is a frightening one. trust yourself in Oedipus position. He was told he would one day kill his father and sleep with his mother. Who wouldnt try and alter their future if told such horrid news? I believe that even though this ending was always going to happen to Oedipus he still had the chance to change the outcome. This same idea is reflected in each one of our lives as well. Oedipus made decisions that led to his sad ending. God socks the ending of our lives. He knows what is in store for us. Does this mean that we have no choice or say in what happens in our lives? In my opinion, it doesnt. God knows what choices we are going to make. Like us, Oedipus had choices to make. Society often blames God for rough times in their lives, alone most of the time the rough moments are results from our own bad choices. Sophocles cleverly weaves this idea into his drama. Im not sure if Oedipus could have changed his future by holding in his temper. Thankfully, our lives are not determined by Greek gods, but by the one true God, who gives us a choice for our future. Christians, like Oedipus, know their fate. We know Jesus is preparing a place for us in he aven.

Inflation and the Economy Essays -- Inflation Economy Economics Essays

Inflation and the EconomyWHY UNDER MONETARY independence INFLATION COULD BE STOPPED WITHOUT BRINGING ABOUT UNEMPLOYMENT 1. Unemployment and rising prices do coexist and inflation causes much unemployment which would cease with it.2. Excessively inflated prices would fall to merchandise prices and so promote sales and employment. 3. Less government spending would mean more private spending. 4. Prices and wages could be adjusted fast. If this is not done whence this is not the effect of stopping inflation 5. Price adjustments through gold-value clearing could take place already duringa continuing paper money inflation - leaving no adjustment problem. 6. While FALLING prices do indeed deter from buying and promote unemployment, FALLEN prices do the contrary. Under monetary independence there would only be FALLEN prices.7. The un- or under-used productive capital investment would, under monetary freedom, be almost in full used and would thusly ensure that there arises or remainsno unemployment. 8. Under monetary freedom there would also be no difficulty to mobilize fully the real working capital of any country the goods and services ready for retail sale and to finance with them full employment - naturally at market wages and prices. 9. Monetary freedom would allow all desired exchanges to take place and would put Says Law, that supply tends to create equivalent demand, into practice. No sales difficulties or unemployment would result. 10.Unemployment is an unnatural condition Under monetary freedom it would no more occur than under barter. TEN WAYS HOW, INDEED, WRONG ATTEMPTS TO STOP INFLATION COULD top TO UNEMPLOYMENT - UNDER CONTINUED MONETARY DESPOTISM. 1. Stopping the note ... ...s of the free banking literature. 17. A critique of the note issue monopoly. Sorry, but 15-17 are not yet out, either. On the other hand, LMP has fiched hundreds of monetary freedom titles, including a 124pp free banking bibliography. A handbook on monetary freedom and one d ealing especially with cause and repossess for unemployment are still in the works by February 1999. John Zube, 11. 2. 1999. Note I merely scanned this text in and afterward somewhat corrected the scan and did minor editing. The scanning may still have left some mistakes I did not notice, apart from my own and usual ones. The Word 97 programme sometimes insists upon its own layout and stubbornly resists my correction attempts. Somewhat corrected and edited on 26.6.1999 & 2.7.99. BibliographyGo back to lmphomepage.htm.htm Go forward to app23-lt.htm.htm

Charles Lindbergh :: History

Charles LindberghCharles Lindbergh was born on February 4, 1902, in his grandfathers house in Detroit. The news of a lawyer and U.S. congressman, he grew up on a small farm in Minnesota (Lindbergh Biography, ONL). As a child, Lindbergh showed remarkable mechanical ability. He could understand every part of his motorcycle and car as he grew older. After graduating high school, Lindbergh worked on the family farm for two years before enrolling in the University of Wisconsin-Madison to study Engineering (Charles Lindbergh biography, ONL). But, after two years, Lindbergh found something else that excited him. He was more interested in the expanding field of aviation (Lindbergh Biography, ONL). He left college to fancy the Lincoln Flight School in Nebraska. Once graduated, he spent the next few years performing daredevil stunts at county fairs and carnivals as a barnstormer (Charles Lindbergh biography, ONL). In 1924, on advice from his father, Lindbergh enlisted in the United States Ar my to be trained as an Army Service Reserve pilot. A year later, he graduated first in his class and was hired by the Robertson Aircraft Corporation of St. Louis as an airmail pilot. Gaining a reputation for being a cautious and fit pilot, he flew the mail between St. Louis and Chicago (Lindbergh Biography, ONL). During the course of his job, Lindbergh heard of the famed Orteig Prize. In 1919, Raymond Orteig, the owner of Brevoort and Lafayette hotels in New York City, made an offer to flying buffs. Orteig offered a prize of $25,000 to the first aviator to fly nonstop from Paris to New York or New York to Paris. Before 1926, no one had even attempted the feat. But, as aviation technology developed, the challenge began appearing possible (Spirit of St. Louis, ONL). Before becoming an airmail pilot, Lindbergh hadnt even heard of the Orteig Prize, but he immediately became interested (Lindbergh Biography, ONL). In 1927, Lindbergh obtained a financial backing of $15,000 from a group of St. Louis businessmen, and he set out to find a plane. Hearing of Lindberghs search for a plane, the Ryan Airlines Corporation in California offered to build him a plane for $6000 (Lindbergh Biography, ONL). Working with chief engineer and designer Donald Hall of Ryan Airlines, Lindbergh designed The Spirit of St. Louis. Lindbergh and Hall designed the airplane specifically for getting to Paris. In order to cut down on weight, any item considered to heavy or unnecessary was left out including a radio, parachute, gas gauges, and navigation lights.

Personal Strengths and Weaknesses Essay -- Personal Essays

Personal Strengths and WeaknessesWe as individuals have to realize the importance of our strengths and weaknesses in order to make a difference in relating personal growth. Having different goals, priorities and special qualities ab unwrap ourselves is what gives us individually. The purpose of this paper is to clearly define apiece of my strengths and weaknesses and figure out a way to identify my personal strengths and weaknesses. Doing so in order to prove my learning process. In order for me to improve myself and enhance my learning process. Realizing the need to understand which methods and techniques that leave alone better help me to learn at an optimal level. I think this class has definitely helped me understand which methods and techniques that will better improve my learning process. I also believe realizing my strengths and weaknesses will help me to become more self-conscious and a well-rounded individual. My personal strengths atomic number 18 my punctuality, discip line, and my ability to stay focused among the distractions. Punctuality is very important to me. I make sure to never be late and most of the time I arrive early for my appointments and engagements. I feel punctuality gives employers the idea you are eager and ready to engage in work. Having discipline is the ability to gain tally by obedience is another one of my strong strengths. Discipline means having the tools to succeed in life and is something we all work on through out our lifetime. Discipline has gi...

Lunch With God :: essays research papers

Lunch With GodA little boy wanted to meet God. He knew it was a long switch on to where God lived, so he packed his suitcase with Twinkies and a six-pack of root beer and started his journey.When he had gone about three blocks, he met an old man. He was sitting in the park just staring at some pigeons. The boy sat down next to him and open his suitcase. He was about to dramatise a drink from his root beer when he noticed that the old man looked hungry, so he offered him a Twinkie. He gratefully accepted it and pull a faced at him. His smile was so pleasant that the boy wanted to see it again, so he offered him a root beer. Again, he smiled at him. The boy was delighted They sat in that location all afternoon eating and smiling, but they n incessantly said a word.As it grew dark, the boy realized how tired he was and got up to leave, but out front he had gone more than a few steps, he turned around, ran back to the old man and gave him a hug. He gave him his biggest smile ever. When the boy opened t he door to his own house a short time later, his mother was surprised by the look of joy on his face. She asked him, "What did you do today that made you so skilful?" He replied, "I had lunch with God." And before his mother could respond, he added, "You know what? Hes got the most beautiful smile Ive ever seen."Meanwhile, the old man, also radiant with joy, returned to his home. His son was stunned by the look of peace on his face and asked, "Dad, what did you do today that made you so happy?" He replied, "I ate Twinkies in the park with God." And before his son responded, he added, "You know, hes much younger than I expected."Too often we underestimate the world power of a touch, a smile, a kind word, a listening ear, an honest compliment, or the smallest act of caring, all of which have the potential to turn a aliveness around.

Lunch With God :: essays research papers

Lunch With GodA little son wanted to meet God. He knew it was a long trip to where God lived, so he packed his suitcase with Twinkies and a six-pack of forerunner beer and started his journey.When he had gone about three blocks, he met an old man. He was sitting in the lay just staring at some pigeons. The boy sat down next to him and opened his suitcase. He was about to take a drink from his root beer when he noticed that the old man looked hungry, so he offered him a Twinkie. He gr havefully accepted it and smiled at him. His smile was so pleasant that the boy wanted to see it again, so he offered him a root beer. Again, he smiled at him. The boy was delighted They sat there all afternoon ingest and smiling, but they never said a word.As it grew dark, the boy realized how tired he was and got up to leave, but before he had gone more than a few steps, he turned around, ran back to the old man and gave him a hug. He gave him his biggest smile ever.When the boy opened t he verge to his own house a short time later, his mother was surprised by the look of joy on his face. She asked him, "What did you do today that made you so happy?" He replied, "I had lunch with God." And before his mother could respond, he added, "You know what? Hes got the most beautiful smile Ive ever seen."Meanwhile, the old man, also glad with joy, returned to his home. His son was stunned by the look of peace on his face and asked, "Dad, what did you do today that made you so happy?" He replied, "I ate Twinkies in the park with God." And before his son responded, he added, "You know, hes much younger than I expected."Too often we underestimate the power of a touch, a smile, a kind word, a listening ear, an honest compliment, or the smallest act of caring, all of which have the potential to turn a life around.

Labor and Delivery Assessment Essay

Internal fetal monitoring is accomplished with a fetal scalp electrode that is a direct electrocardiogram of the FHR and therefore produces the most accurate FHR tracing having an advantage over the external monitoring. The FSE is attached to the fetus during a vaginal trial and then connected to a fetal monitor. Because the risk of transmission to the fetus is increased by the small puncture in the fetal scalp, use of essential scalp electrodes should be avoided if at all possible in the presence of known maternal infections such as HIV, hepatitis or GBS. Fetal scalp monitors argon also avoided in preterm infants because of the increased risk of ventricular hemorrhage.electronic monitoring of UCs heap be done internally by using an intrauterine pressing catheter (IUPC). It is inserted into the uterine cavity through the cervical os. It reflects the pressure inside the uterine cavity. As the pressure changes, it traces on the graph paper. The IUPC kitty measure the resting tone of the womb between contractions, referred to as intensity. An advantage of an IUPC is that it provides a near-exact pressure measurement for contraction intensity and uterine resting tone. The sensitivity of the IUPC allows for very accurate timing of UCs, thus reservation it extremely useful when closer uterine monitoring is needed. A disadvantage for both internal monitoring methods is that membranes must be ruptured and adequate cervical distension must be achieved for insertion. The procedure is invasive and increases the risk of uterine infection or perforation or trauma. It can also cause a placenta rupture if the placenta is low-lying.Electronic FHR monitoring can be done externally by using an ultrasound (US) transducer. The transducer is placed on the maternal abdominal cavity over the fetal binding and held by an elastic belt. The US transducer can be more beneficial than auscultating the FHR because it provides a continuous graphic recording. It can show the baselin e variability and changes in the FHR. It is noninvasive and doesnt require the rupture of membranes or minimal cervical dilation. FHR monitoring by US transducer is limited because it is susceptible to interference from maternal or fetal movement and may produce a weak signal. The tracing may become sketchy and difficult to interpret. Telemetry is another type external monitoring.It can monitor both FHR and uterine activity. This system can be worn on a shoulder strap by the mother, which allows the woman to ambulate, helping her ambulate while continuously monitoring. Electric monitoring of UCs can be done externally using a tocodynamometer or tocotransducer (toco). The toco is placed on the maternal abdomen at or near the fundus and held in place by an elastic belt. As the uterus contracts, pressure exerted against the toco is transmitted and recorded on to graph paper. The toco can assess UCs for frequency and duration, but not intensity. The advantages are that it is non-invasiv e, easy to place, and may be used both before and following rupture of membranes. It also provides a permanent, continuous recording of the duration and frequency of contractions.Explain what Pitocin is used forPitocin is used for the induction and/or augmentation of labor at term, facilitation of threatened abortion, and in postpartum to control bleeding and prevent hemorrhage and uterine atony after expulsion of the placenta.PELVIC ASSESSMENT FINDINGSGive normal findings and measurementsDiagonal blend extends from the suprapubic angle to the middle of the sacral promontory. 12.5 cmIschial Spines arise near the junction of the ileum and ischium and jut into the pelvic cavity They serve as a recognition point during labor to elevate the descent of the fetal head into the birth canal. 10.5 cmPubic Arch triangular space below the symphysis pubis. The head passes downstairs this arch during birth. 1.5 2 c from diagonal conjugalCoccyx -small triangular bone that articulates with the sacrum. It usually moves backward during labor to provide more room for the fetus. 8cm in diameterSacrum wedge-shaped bone formed by the fusion of five vertebrae. On the anterior upper portion of the sacrum is the sacral promontory which is another fall out in determining pelvic measurements.Types of PelvisGynecoid -The most common female rose hip is the gynecoid type. The inlet is rounded, with the anteroposterior diameter a little shorter than the transverse diameter. This is the most aureate for a vaginal delivery.Android The normal male pelvis is the android type however, it occasionally is seen in females. The inlet is heart-shaped.Anthropoid The inlet of an anthropoid pelvis is oval, with a long anteroposterior diameter and an adequate but rather short transverse diameter. This is the second most favorable for vaginal delivery.

The South Africa Overview Economics Essay

The authorities of southern Africa is a Republic and the overall population is 50 million. The service argonna is the major welkin in siemens Africa with 65 part in the advance s GDP. The major meaning beginnings associated with south Africa are China, Germ whatsoever, USA and japan and the major export mart are China, USA, Japan and Germany.Main beginnings of unlike exchange of randomness AfricaPlatinum ( 14 % ) , gold ( 8 % ) , coal ( 5.5 % ) , political machines ( 3.5 % )Main disbursals of foreign exchangePetrochemicals ( 12 % ) , auto constituents ( 10 % ) , crude oil ( 4 % )Energy adduce of affairs randomness Africa has a big coal and mineral ( Pt, manganese, chrome, gold, U ) militias. Despite a well- developed man-made fuel production, 90 % of oil has to be outcome.South Africa and the WorldSouth Africa is ranked 31st harmonizing to GDP and 129th harmonizing to Human growing Index and the major sectors are Agriculture, Technology, Textiles and Chemicals harmoniz ing to diary by Thomas White- Global expend Co.POLITICS AND GOVERNANCEPolitical state of affairs Reasonably stableHead of state/government President Jacob Zuma ( since May 2009 )South Africa runs by a democratically elected parliament and the major foe plowshare there is Democratic entirelyiance. National Assembly and National Council of Provinces are the two chief parliaments with National Assembly being the more powerful and responsible.BUSINESS surroundSouth Africa was ranked 34 harmonizing to World Bank in 2010 and 2nd on the Afri so-and-so continent. Restrictions to make concern in South Africa are genuinely limited and the market is besides really crystalline. South Africa s concern substructure is heavy established with good rail, route and airdrome substructure, advanced IT systems and good communicating web.The state is unfastened to foreign direct investing with both corpo govern concern and private persons.PROPERTY OWNERSHIP AND TAXATIONThe ordinance law which ment i 1d that foreign companies whitethorn non be able to borrow more than tierce of the purchase monetary value of any belongings if the club s major stockholders are registered out-of-door of South Africa, is no longer applicable. The new statute law effected from 1st January 2011.There are no limitations on ownership of commercial belongingss. However, the statute law for private persons purchasing belongings in South Africa remains the same and non-residents can merely posting up for a place loanword of up to 50 % of the value of the belongingsTrade GROUP MEMBERWorld Trade Organization ( WTO ) South Africa is a member of the World Trade Organization. grey African custom centre ( SACU ) South Africa has been a member of the Southern African Customs Union and the members of SACU include Namibia, Botswana, Swaziland, Lesotho. The cause footings of SACU province that members use the South African debt instrument as the common external duty and goods are deal outd alleviate of responsibilities and quotas betwixt member provincesSouthern African Development Community ( SADC ) -South Africa has besides been a member of the Southern African Development Community and the members include Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe. SADC has committed itself to the creative activity of a muster out pile country ( FTA ) by subscribing a protocol on throw at SADC Summit in 1996.BILATERAL Trade AgreementsSouth Africa has bilateral trade arrangements with the undermentioned states or groups of statesNyasaland A bilateral sagaciousness between South Africa and Malawi, willd the discriminatory rank of responsibility, discounts and ordinances on certain goods traded between the two states. Due to the understanding signed between them, goods that belonged to Malawian beginning can easy come in South Africa duty-free. The goods of South Africa that enters Malawi, receive the most-favored-nation rate of responsibility.Rhodesia A bilateral understanding between South Africa and Zimbabwe provided for discriminatory judge of responsibility, discounts and quotas on certain goods traded between them and some new footings were added to it in the twelvemonth 1996. The footings included decreased duties and quota degrees on fabric imports into South Africa. The farther possibility of the understanding is that, the extension would be to opposite sectors such as plain.Mocambique The bilateral understanding between the two of them squander been chiefly for modulating mine labour, railroad and port affairs, and trade. The understanding has non been a really utile one and hence a really few figure of Mozambian goods receive duty penchant from South Africa.Citations South Africa provides for fortress for points that are bring uped on the endangered species list. It s a party to Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and plant life ( CITES ) .European Union -The European Union and South Africa signed a Free Trade Agreement ( FTA ) in 1999. The understanding will be phased in over a 10 to twelve twelvemonth period and will basically liberalise 86 % of South Africa s imports from the EU and approximately 95 % of EU imports from South Africa. The overall understanding meets WTO demands of 90 % coverage.Document RequirementThe paperss required in importing are a commercial bill, measure of cargo, insurance paperss and packing list.IMPORT DUTIESThe import responsibility rates rangeA from zero to 30 % with a few exclusions, vesture effort, fabrics industry and motor industry merchandises.Import TAXESValue added revenue enhancement ( VAT )The ratings of imported goods for VAT is based on the f.o.b value plus 14 % of the value already considered with extra imposts responsibility.South Africa Import Prohi smudgeionsThe merchandises which are prohibited for import in South Africa are drugs and nar cotics, adult or obnoxious stuffs, rifless, seeds, bulbs, natural cotton, uncooked meat/poultry, beeswax, honey, bees and their larvae or eggs, used beehive contraptions, , ammo, dry ice, furniture, unwrought gold, untrimmed diamonds, pelts.INDIA AND SOUTH AFRICADue to the bilateral dealingss between theA Republic of IndiaA and theA Republic of South Africa strong strategic, cultural and economic ties have been there since the magnetic pole ofA apartheidA in South Africa in 1994.India and South Africa besides portion an extended energy partnership. In 2010, India imported 1.4 million metric tons of South African coal in February, doing it the largest buyer of coal from the state.BackgroundThere is a major residentA IndianA community in South Africa.A Mohandas Karamchand GandhiA had commenced his political-legal calling in South Africa in the 1890s and 1900s, experimenting withA civil noncompliance, to better the quality of life of the Indians life at that place. During theA 2003 C ricket World CupA a statue of him was unveiled inA PietermaritzburgA byA Sourav Ganguly, the captain of theA Indian national cricket squad.Development of bilateral dealingssIn 1994 both states established diplomatic dealingss after the terminal of apartheid.Indian authorities awarded South African leaderA Nelson MandelaA theA Mahatma Gandhi Peace Prize. Both states have besides promoted featuring ties, with theA Indian national cricket teamA and theA South Africa national cricket teamA often interchanging visits and pay off parting in cricket tourneies hosted by either state.Economic tiesIn 2005-06 the Bilateral tradeA grew exponentially fromA USDA 3 million in 1992-93 to USD 4 billion, and the two authoritiess have targeted change magnitude bilateral trade to USD 12 billion by 2010.A Gold bullionA constitute tierce of India s imports from South Africa, while India glosss and processesA diamondsA from South African mines.A South Africa has promoted subscribing aA free trade agreem entA with India and theA Southern Africa Customs UnionA ( SACU ) , which includesA Botswana, A Lesotho, A NamibiaA andA SwazilandA along with South Africa.Bharti AirtelA was scheduled to acquireA MTNA to do one of the universe s largest telecommunications companies, and besides touted as measure inA South-South cooperation. The South African authorities ofA Jacob Zuma, neverthe slight rejected trade on the evidences that MTN would non be as South African any longer amid concerns of dual-listing on the Indian and South African stock exchanges.Military tiesMilitary cooperation, trading weaponries and joint exercisings and plans to develop forces have been developed by India and South Africa.IBSA ( India, Brazil, South Africa )India and South Africa signed an understanding withA Brazil, cognize as the Brasilia Declaration On June 6, 2003. The declaration called for extended three-party cooperation on strategic, cultural and commercial affairs.A A The three states have besides grow mi litary cooperation and conducted joint naval exercisings in 2008.India and South Africa Exploring Trade AgreementThe trade between two states continues to see strong growing as on Aug. 31 India and South Africa are looking into subscribing a comprehensive bilateral trade understanding.India s Commerce and Industry Minister Anand Sharma give tongue to We are traveling to read a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement between India and South Africa, as the state is a strategic spouse, while at the India Show in Johannesburg.Bilateral trade between the two has been increasing steadily over the outlive few old ages, with trade figures lifting from US $ 7.5 billion in the 2008-2009 pecuniary twelvemonth to US $ 7.9 billion over 2009-2010. Both states agreed to seek and hit the US $ 10 billion milepost by 2011-2012 While South African President Jacob Zuma was in New Delhi this past June, but that may hold underestimated the trade potency between the two states as bilateral t rade has already reached US $ 2.7 billion through the first one-fourth.Sharma said It ( the US $ 10 billion trade mark ) is good below possible. I find it is accomplishable by 2011. Then we can look at high gearer rates . The chances are illimitable. South African corporations are coming to India with optimism. Sharma besides said that he hopes to wrap up a limited free trade understanding between India and the Southern African Customs Union ( SACU ) any bit shortly as possible. The SACU is made up of Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland. The 5th unit of ammunition of negotiations over duty decreases and different barriers to merchandise Union representatives will go to New Delhi following month.India-SACU ( Southern African Customs Union ) Framework AgreementSouth Africa is the largest, most diverse and most forward-looking state in Africa with a gain Domestic Product ( GDP ) three times that of Nigeria or Egypt. South Africa s economic substructure domin ates Africa though it covers less than 4 % of the continent and accommodates less than 6 % of its population. South Africa provides more than half of the electricity end product of Africa, moves more tunnage through its ports, has more air conveyance installations than all the other states of Southern, Central and East Africa together. The figure of motor vehicles at about 5 million in that state is more than half of those in the remainder of Africa. South Africa has besides the advantage of a developed and systematic banking system.With a common usage duty policy, South Africa along with Lesotho, Swaziland, Botswana and Namibia has formed the Southern African Customs Union ( SACU ) . Since most of the imported goods enter the sub-region through South African ports, a system of usage gross sharing is in topographic point. South Africa and India are members of the Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation. South Africa is a member of the World Trade Organisation and has b esides finalised a free trade and development understanding with European that provides for gradual liberalization of the two manner trade between South Africa and European Union.The degree of bilateral trade between India and South Africa is rather low at nowadays. South Africa is non a major export finish for India neither is the latter calculation in the list of chief merchandising spouses of South Africa. Less than one per cent of India s exports go to South Africa. However, in the last few old ages bilateral trade has recorded a double-digit growing rate between the states.Following this meeting, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade ( IIFT ) was assigned to carry on a background knowledge survey for determining the feasibleness of come ining into a Discriminatory Trade Agreement ( PTA ) /Free Trade Agreement ( FTA ) between India and South Africa. The survey think that more than 50 % of India s exports are subjected to a duty of less than 10 % in South Africa and merely 33 % ar e confronting a duty rate of more than 20 % . On the other manus, 55 % of imports from South Africa face high duties of more than 20 % in India. Merely 34 % of imports from South Africa are subjected to moo duty of 10 % and below. The leaden mean duties in India and South Africa are 22.89 % and 16.35 % severally.The survey concluded that even though the duty rates are more in India, the gross loss that would ensue from bilateral riddance of duty is greater in South Africa. The gross loss in South Africa is projected to be 1.4 times the gross loss in India. The survey besides suggested that as South Africa has a reasonably big import market, an Agreement with South Africa Prima facie is of importance because of its geographical location and rank of sub-regional trade understandings.Subsequently on, South Africa sought verification whether they can include other spouses of SACU for negociating a Comprehensive Trade Agreement. This suggestion was examined by Ministry of External Affair s in audience and the authorization was given to negociate with SACU as a group and non South Africa separately.FDI Scenario in South AfricaHarmonizing to the 2012 World Investment Report by the UN Conference on Trade and Development ( UNCTAD ) , South Africa led the sub-region as foreign direct investing ( FDI ) inflows into sub-Saharan Africa jumped by 25 % in 2011.The training, released in Geneva, Switzerland on Thursday, shows that FDI inflows to sub-Saharan Africa soared from US $ 29.5-billion in 2010 to $ 36.9-billion in 2011, a degree similar to the extremum of $ 37.3-billion achieved in 2008, prior to the oncoming of the planetary fiscal crisis.FDI to South Africa rebounded from $ 1.23-billion in 2010 to $ 5.81-billion, doing South Africa the second-biggest FDI finish on the continent in 2011 after Nigeria, which procured $ 8.92-billion in FDI.Oil, gas manufacturers still dominantGhana ( $ 3.22-billion ) , Congo ( $ 2.93-billion ) , and Algeria ( $ 2.57-billion ) completed the top five African FDI finishs by Unctad s calculation, underlining the laterality of oil- or gas-producing states South Africa being the exclusive exclusion.another(prenominal) important African oil manufacturer, Angola, besides received important investing influxs, harmonizing to Unctad, but divestment and repatriated net incomes by multinational corporations rendered net influxs negative .The one-year study found, Continuing addition in trade good monetary values and a comparatively positive economic mentality for sub-Saharan Africa were among the factors lending to the turnaround.For Africa as a whole, immaculate FDI influxs declined. However, this was due to a bead in FDI to North Africa, with influxs to traditional strong performing artists Egypt and Libya coming to a arrest as significance of drawn-out political and societal instability in those states.Improved investor perceptual experiencesUnctad said, Overall the continent s FDI chances for 2012 were promising, as strong economic growing, current economic reforms and high trade good monetary values have improved investor perceptual experiences of the continent. South Africa s FDI inflows for 2011 accounted for 13.6 % of Africa s entire as per Unctad s figures, while amounting to 31.8 % of the state s gross domestic merchandise ( GDP ) in 2011 up from 9.9 % in 1995.Jorge Maia, research caput at South Africa s Industrial Development Corporation, who presented Unctad s study locally, said the state s investing policy government was rather broad compared to other states South Africa is non merely rich in natural resources, it besides has really good substructure comparative to its equals and really good proficient accomplishments, Business Day reported Maia as stating.Leon Myburgh, sub-Saharan Africa strategian at Citigroup, told Business Day that Africa was executing good in most developed markets and some emergent markets besides. Give its comparatively low rate of development, there are high chances for investing across the continent, either for new concern or substructure, Myburgh told Business Day. These are being exploited and will go on to be exploited in approaching old ages.ECONOMIC ENGINESAgribusinessAgribusiness is good organized though a really minor subscriber to the overall GDP. rotund piece of lands of land, together with a long 1875 stat mi coastline, foster the production of a broad scope of Marine and uncouth merchandises. Africa has a double agricultural economic system catering to both commercial and subsistence based production. Maize, wheat, sugar cane, oats, and helianthuss are the state s major agricultural merchandises. South Africa s agricultural sector boasts some clear competitory advantages. First, the state s turning season is reverse than that of Europe, standing complementary market chances. It besides has good developed cold concatenation installations and ports. A resource rich state, South Africa boasts an copiousness of mineral resources. In fact, the wealth of the state has been built on these resources. It holds about 90 % of the Pt metals on Earth, 80 % of the manganese, 73 % of the chrome, 45 % of the V and 41 % of the gold. The excavation industry is the biggest employer, with around 460,000 employees and another 400,000 employed by the providers of goods and services to the industry.Gold productionGold production, which one time formed the anchor of the economic system, has lost its lustre in recent old ages. In 2007, China displaced South Africa as the universe s largest gold manufacturer. 95 % of South Africa s gold mines are belowground trading operations, making deepnesss of over 3.8 kilometers. With worsening classs, increased deepness of excavation and excavation costs, and a slide in gilded monetary value in the 1990s, production fell. As one of the universe s largest manufacturers of gold, South Africa is more susceptible to droop in monetary value because its deep degree mines are the hig hest cost manufacturers in the universe. However, the sector should see a resurgence in the current twelvemonth, on the dorsum of lifting gold monetary values. However, South Africa s excavation sector continues to be the top FDI receiver for the state.Vehicle productionSouth Africa s vehicle production is going a flourishing industry every bit good. It is the 2nd largest country in the fabrication sector and the fastest growth. Almost every planetary car major, has its operations based in South Africa.Other major industriesOther major industries in South Africa are chemicals fabricating, metals processing and pharmaceuticals. South Africa hosts a figure of superior quality infirmaries and well-trained aesculapian staff which has helped enticement investings into the pharmaceutical sector. The fertiliser industry besides looks assuring due to the state s large-scale diversified agricultural sector. Expansion in the Information and Communications Technology and electronics industry has besides been phenomenal, with the mean growing of the state exceling the universe norm. Yet, all is non cheery in Eden. The fabric industry has taken a hit due to increasing competition from Chinese goods. The South Africans have responded with new advanced fabric merchandises contending back. The production of improved parachute cloth, technically knitted cloth used in bomb disposal, fire deceleration kits and specialised medical fabrics are doing their grade in niche markets.Servicess sectorThe services sector is the major subscriber to the GDP. It comprises of fiscal services, touristry, retail gross revenues and telecommunications. South Africa possesses a robust and mature fiscal services sector, which is comparable to the best in the universe. The state s banking sector has a good representation of foreign Bankss and offers modern services like a countrywide web of ATMs and Internet banking services. Mzansi, South Africa s advanced new low-priced banking strategy provides banking services to more than 3.3-million low-income earners a huge and turning market antecedently untapped by the fiscal sector.Johannesburg business ExchangeThe Johannesburg Stock Exchange is the lone stock exchange in the state and the 16th largest in the universe with 400 listed companies. Keeping the differentiation as the fourth-largest emerging market finish for investings, the exchange mopped up $ 9.4 billion in 2005, up from $ 1.5 billion a decennary before.SOUTH AFRICA A Market FOR dress FROM AFRICAA domestic industry in problem has meant a booming import tradeaSouth Africa s vesture sector has been in a province of convulsion and diminution for the last five old ages. The continued growing in imports ( peculiarly from lower-cost manufacturers such as China ) and the strengthening of the South African rand ( R ) against the United States dollar bill are the two factors blamed for the diminution in local production.However, if makers were honorable with themselves, th ey would see that the jobs run deeper than external issues. The industry is enduring from old ages of disregard in the countries of engineering and accomplishments.This has made the sector mostly uncompetitive.Whilst the Government is turn toing these issues through a Customised Sector Programme ( CSP ) and more late through the Textile and Clothing Industry Development Programme ( TCIDP ) , harmonizing to critics this steps are viewed as being excessively small excessively late and the sector is non expected to do any dramatic recovery in the short term.The inability of the local industry to fulfill demand for vesture from retail merchants offers an chance for developing state exporters to provide a broad scope of merchandises to the South African market. In 2009, vesture imports, excepting imports from Member States of the Southern African Customs Union ( SACU ) , amounted to US $ 966.6 million. If the figures from SACU are added to this, entire vesture imports in 2009 amounted to US $ 1.1 billion. Harmonizing to Comtrade informations, this would do South Africa the universe s 25th largest importer of vesture.Over the period 2005 to 2009, vesture imports rose well by every bit much as 42 % . Whilst this addition reflects the diminution in the domestic fabrication sector, it besides indicates the buoyancy of the market for consumer goods in South Africa. This perkiness is partially due to the go oning growing of a strong in-between category with entree to larger disposable incomes.The vesture points most in demandaIn 2009, Women s and miss s jackets, frocks, skirts, pants, trunkss non knitted ( HS 6204 ) , work forces s and young-begetting(prenominal) childs jackets, pants, trunkss non knitted ( HS 6203 ) , knitted jerseies ( HS 6109 ) , knitted New Jerseies and cardigans ( HS 6110 ) , and woven work forces s or masculine childs shirts ( HS 6205 ) accounted for 50 % of vesture imports. These are the classs with the highest demand.The merchandise classs t hat showed the highest growing ( albeit sometimes off a low base ) from 2005 to 2009 are work forces s and male child s greatcoats, parkas, air current deceivers and similar articles, knitted ) adult females s and misss greatcoats, parkas, air current deceivers and similar articles knitted work forces s and male childs vests and other waistcoats, underpants, Jockey shortss, pajama, and similar articles adult females s hose ( which rose by every bit much as 165 % ) and ties, bow ties and cravats. These offer possible niche markets for competitory manufacturers.China and the remainder of Asia are the largest providers of imports by faraAt present, over 70 % of vesture imports in South Africa come from Asia, with China completely lending 59 % of entire vesture imports in 2009. This reflects the nature of the South African market for dressing which is chiefly geared towards the price reduction terminal for this market buying determinations are based on monetary value.Botswana pe rformed highly good in South Africa over the five old ages to 2009, spread picnic its supplies by a monolithic 261 % to their current degree. The state now provides 14 % of South Africa s vesture imports. India remains in 3rd place despite a diminution of 2 % in imports over the five-year period. Mauritius is the 4th largest provider and imports from this state have performed highly good, registering a 476 % addition over the period.However, there have been positive signals to exporters in Africa by cardinal alterations in the form of sourcing.In 2005, China accounted for 70 % of all vesture imports Asia itself accounted for over 80 % of entire imports. local retail merchants and importers were forced to diversity their provider base due to infliction of quotas on selected vesture imports from China for a period of two old ages from January 2007.There are niche markets for African exporters to exploreaSouth Africa has a market for large-size vesture that companies in Asia by and large do non hold the capacity to provide. A vesture company with the ability to serve this market section could happen good chances.It besides has a market for companies that are able to work with little minimal orders. Companies of Asia much work with minimal order sizes that are far larger than the volumes little and average sized operators in South Africa are able to put.The market for cat valium cloths is turning strongly. Good chances are at that place for companies bring forthing garments from organic cotton or bamboo fiber in South Africa.In add-on, there are the markets for particular goods which the South African vesture industry does non hold the capacity to bring forth. These include points like cushioned jackets, insouciant woven tops and undersides with embellishment-generally anything that requires sophisticated lavation and coating. All these merchandises are imported. The market for babe wear and kids s wear, for which there is limited local fabrication capacit y, is besides mature for the picking.Targeting retail merchants straightforward is the best attack to the marketaApproaching the market of South African can sometimes be hard. Retailers, importers and agents tend to purchase from tested and sure beginnings, doing entry into the market a challenge for new providers. A direct attack to retail merchants is frequently the most effectual manner of capturing their attending. It would be wise for companies with strong form abilities to aim retail merchants in their selling runs as a manner of doing their companies known.South Africa offers a platform for making retail merchants through International Apparel, Textile, footgear and Machinery Fair, held yearly in Cape Town. All the big purchasers and agents gather the carnival. A figure of states choose to put up state marquees at this just. Such marquees work good as they non merely market specific companies but the capablenesss of the single state as a whole.Fashionability is keyaThe reta il sector of South African follows the European market really closely and purchasers will look foremost and first at the fashionability of the merchandise lines proposed by new providers before inquiring inquiries on volumes, legal transfer and monetary value. Hence Samples or snap presented to retail merchants ever need to be in the latest manners.But attachment to labeling ordinances is besides importantaSouth Africa has stringent labeling demands. All imported vesture must transport labels with the undermentioned information state of beginning, attention instructions, fiber content. Press has late criticized companies that do non use labeling demands strictly. As a consequence, the governments are now clamping down on vesture bearing labels that fail to run into demands.

All the reasons not to eat at Mcdonalds Essay

Almost every American has probably at one time or another eaten at one of McDonalds many restaurants or they have at least heard of the mega betting nutrition chain. For decades, Americans have enjoyed their array of menu items. Recently, mass have been looking deeper and deeper into if McDonalds is historically a healthy restaurant to eat at. I propose that customers who enjoy McDonalds food should no longer consume it because it can make you obese, the portions are dash too big, and the food at McDonalds is practically phony.To start off, people all over the world that like the McDonalds should not eat at the familiar restaurant because it could lead to serious weight problems. Hopefully, people who eat at McDonalds will realize it is not doing them any good. Studies show that those who much eat at McDonalds clear uped 10 pounds more than those who did so less often, and were more than twice as likely to develop an insulin disorder linked to diabetes.Clearly, fast food eater s could gain more pounds especially if the foods that are high in fat, like the food served at McDonalds. Therefore, if you do not want to get fat, I might steer clear from McDonalds. The second reason as to why you should not eat at McDonalds is because the portions are becoming larger. As the course of studys progresses, the portions at McDonalds are getting bigger and bigger even though you might not even realize it. The problem is that people tend to eat or drink whats in front of them.We also significantly underestimate how many calories we consume. But even when consumers try to do right by their diets by choosing a small or medium of something at a fast-food chain, they may be getting more than they expect. Basically, this is teaching us that it is okay to eat what is in front of us, even if there is a lot. Last but not least, the food that they serve at McDonalds is not authentic because of all of the extra additives that they have added just for the taste.I believe that th ere is definitely a difference between real food and hammer food. Real food is savory and in some cases it melts in your mouth, while fake food doesnt even taste and the texture is similar to plastic. batch deserve much better than fake food and that is the kind of ingurgitate that you are consuming when you eat McDonalds. I do not know close you but a sausage burrito containing 50 different ingredients including milk, egg, wheat, corn syrup, and a range of chemicals and preservative agents does not sound very tempting to me.Not scarcely that but the hash browns are cooked with animal products and the bacon contains wheat and soy. I just do not think that is right. The food that people eat should have real ingredients like potatoes in hash browns, not all those fake preservatives. You would not cook a meal at home with all of that extra stuff in it, so eating it at McDonalds does not make much sense to me. Much of the food at McDonalds contains extra additives. I think that we deserve much better than that. Just because of the ingredients in the food, I dont think that we should eat at McDonalds.People that take joy in the food at McDonalds should not eat there any longer because the risk is far too high. It can make you gain weight because of the extra calories and fats that you are consuming. The portions of the food have grown year by year and you may not even know how much food you are truly eating. Also, there are so many other restaurant alternatives that offer a much better selection of food that actually have true ingredients. So, the next time you go to eat at a restaurant even if a McDonalds is nearby, I would rethink your options.

Data Communication Assignment

EENG 33151 DATA COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER NETWORKS ASSIGNMENT 1 (CO1, carbon dioxide PO1,PO3) Note Submission Date On or before but not after 12-10-2012 Refer Data Communications and Networking 4th edition, Behrouz A. Forouzan No plagiarization Kindly use A4 sheets 1. For n devices in a network, what is the number of cable links required for a mesh, ring, bus, and star topology? 2. Assume five devices ar arranged in a mesh topology. How many cables are needed? How many ports are needed for each device? 3. What is the difference between an net income and the Internet? 4.When a party makes a local telephone call to another party, is this a point-to-point or multipoint connection? Explain your answer. 5. You have three computers connected by an Ethernet hub at home. Is this a LAN, a MAN, or a WAN? Explain your answer. 6. In a bus topology and ring topology of 8 devices, what happens if one of the nodes is unplugged? 7. Match the following to one or more layers a. Route determ ination b. Flow control c. Provides access to the end user d. Defines frames e. Mechanical, electrical and usable interface f. Establish, manages and terminates sessions 8.What are the responsibilities of the network layer in the Internet model? 9. What is the difference between a port address, a logical address and a physical address? 10. Define period. Define frequency. 11. In Europe, the power they use at home has a frequency of 50Hz. What is the period of the sine wave in ms? 12. The frequency of a maneuver is 140 KHz, calculate the corresponding period. 13. The period of a signal is 12 micro seconds, what is its frequency? 14. The period of a signal is 100 ms, what is its frequency in kilohertz? 15. Find the information bit stream of the following graphs picpic 16. caboodle the graph of Polar RZ scheme for the bit streams, (a) 01001, and (b) 00110011001 17. Draw the graph of NRZ-L and NRZ-I schemes for the following data streams (a) 111100001 and (b) 001100110101 18. Draw th e graph of Polar Manchester and Differential Manchester Bi-phase AMI and Pseudo ternary for the bit streams, (a) 010011001 and (b) 00110011 19. An analog signal carries 2 bits per signal element. If 2000 signal elements are sent per second, find the bit rate. 20. An analog signal has a bit rate of 12000 bps and a baud rate of 3000 baud. How many data elements are carried by each signal element?

Course Materials Essay

development Systems in Global Business Today, of guidance Information Systems. Reading Read Ch. 2, Global E-Business and Collaboration, of Management Information Systems. meshParticipate in class discussion. 3 out of 7 years 8 for the week minimum. Participation on additional age is recommended. 3 out of 7 eld with 2 grades minimum on those 4 long time2 Supporting Activity Business Integration Levels Resources SkillSoft (2012). IT Strategy Essentials Business and IT Strategy Alignment. peg The Business Integration Levels staff in Skillport. create by mental act you have been hired by a small well-funded startup company to help with their IT-enabled business strategy. Your first task is to let them hold up the elements involved with using IT-enabled business strategy. save an e-mail describing the five elements of IT-enabled business strategy. Answer the pursuance questions in 200 to three hundred speech communication each What be the advantages of aligning business an d IT strategies? How does IT deliver business benefits that are related to the business strategy? Monday post to course of study book2 Learning team up InstructionsLearning Team CharterComplete and submit the Learning Team Charter. Learning Team Instructions Service asking SR-rm-012 Paper and Presentation (Preparation)Resource realistic Organization for Riordan Manufacturing Begin working on Service Request SR-rm-012, Business Systems, for Riordan Manufacturing. Write a 10- to 12- foliate paper and create a Microsoft PowerPoint dis gather of the project, due in Week Five. Assume that the paper and presentation are to be presented to an executive management committee. At a minimum, the paper must include the followingEach type of business system and subsystem A description of each business system and subsystem Identification of the interrelationships of business systems and subsystems Individual System gunstock For this assignment, you will choose from the following options O ption 1 realistic Organization System Inventory Option 2 General IT System Inventory Read the instructions in the University of Phoenix Material System Inventory primed(p) on the bookman website and select one option to complete the assignment. Monday post to grade book5 Week Two Business Environment DetailsDuePoints Objectives2. expose economic, government, and juristic influences on business. 2. 2Describe the ethical and earnest considerations for an information system in business. 2. 3Describe the aim for pledge measures in IT organizations and information systems. Reading Read Ch. 3, Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy, of Management Information Systems. ReadingRead Ch. 4, Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems, of Management Information Systems. ReadingRead Ch. 8, Securing Information Systems, of Management Information Systems. ParticipationParticipate in class discussion.Participation on additional days is recommended. 3 out of 7 days with 2 posts minimum on those 4 days2 Supporting Activity Security Threats and DefensesResources SkillSoft (2012). Control Fundamentals and Security Threats. Complete The Security Threats and Defenses module in Skillport. Write an informative memo to a business manager that does not fully understand the need for security measures. strain the risk of not protecting against known security threats such as social engineering. Answer the following in the memo in 200 to 300 words each address the role that preparing employees to recognize and respond to social engineering techniques should play in the organizations overall information security program. Note three specific social engineering techniques. Discuss how they can be recognized and how to best prepare employees for each potential attack. Monday post to grade book2 Learning Team Instructions Service Request SR-rm-012 Paper and Presentation (Preparation)Resource Virtual Organization for Riordan Manufacturing Review the Home page and the Financ e, and Accounting page located on the intranet site for Riordan Manufacturing.Identify and describe, based on your review, existing and needed business systems and subsystems. Draft the first 2 to 3 pages of the paper. Individual Service Request SR-kf-013 PaperKudler Fine Foods is in the process of developing a new frequent shopper program. Details of this program are described in the Service Request SR-kf-013 and on the Sales & merchandise page of the Kudler Fine Foods intranet website. Write a 3- to 5-page paper describing the potential legal, ethical, and information security concerns related to the development of the Kudler Fine Foods Frequent Shopper Program.Discuss in your paper any specific costs related to these issues that are relevant to your review. These could include fines and other costs related to problems in these areas. Keep your compend focused on the requested concerns, not the project itself. Your paper should focus on making management aware of the issues that must be addressed in the new system and should not directly cover the implementation process. Include in your description how this information system has an effect on the organizational structure. Monday post to grade book15 Week Three Finance and Accounting DetailsDuePointsExamine accounting information systems. 3. 2Analyze accounting information systems and business processes. ReadingRead Ch. 1, An Introduction to the Role of Accounting in the Business World, of Core Concepts of Accounting. ReadingRead Ch. 2, Concepts and Elements Underlying Accounting, of Core Concepts of Accounting. ReadingRead Ch. 9, The Corporate Income Statement and Financial Statement Analysis, of Core Concepts of Accounting. ParticipationParticipate in class discussion. 3 out of 7 days 8 for the week minimum. Participation on additional days is recommended.Discuss the need to integrate accounting systems with those in the rest of the enterprise. Why would such systems need to have constant data feeds from throughout the enterprise? Monday post to grade book2 Learning Team Instructions Service Request SR-rm-012 Paper and Presentation (Preparation)Resource Virtual Organization for Riordan Manufacturing Review the Human Resources and Legal pages located on the intranet site for Riordan Manufacturing. Identify and describe, based on your review, existing and needed business systems and subsystems. Draft the attached 2 to 3 pages of the paper. IndividualAccounting System PaperFor this assignment, you will choose from the following options Option 1 Kudler Accounting System Paper Option 2 Profit and Loss Statement Paper Read the instructions in the University of Phoenix Material Accounting System Paper located on the student website and select one option to complete the assignment. Monday post to grade book15 Week Four Sales and Marketing DetailsDuePoints Objectives4. 1Examine contemporary marketing practices. 4. 2Describe marketing in the electronic commerce environment. ReadingRead Ch. 1 , Marketing Creating and Capturing Customer Value, of Marketing.ReadingRead Ch. 2, Company and Marketing Strategy Partnering to Build Customer Relationships, of Marketing. ReadingRead Ch. 4, Managing Marketing Information to Gain Customer Insights, of Marketing. ReadingRead Ch. 14, Direct and Online Marketing construction Direct Customer Relationships, of Marketing. ReadingRead Ch. 16, Sustainable Marketing Social Responsibility and Ethics, of Marketing. ParticipationParticipate in class discussion. 3 out of 7 days 8 for the week minimum. Participation on additional days is recommended. 3 out of 7 days with 2 posts minimum on those 4 days2 Supporting ActivitySocial Media and Online MarketingResources SkillSoft (2012). Marketing Essentials Introduction to Marketing. Complete The Social Media and Online Marketing module in Skillport. Imagine the IT department of a medium-sized company has hired you. Your first task is to explain the pry of social media as a marketing tool. Write a le tter to the IT department in which you discuss the key things the company should do to establish a strong positive social media presence. Answer the following questions in the letter in 200 to 300 words each What role do IT systems play in marketing?How can IT systems help support an organizations marketing efforts? What are the key elements of an organizations online re ordaination? How can they positively influence each one? Monday post to grade book2 Learning Team Instructions Service Request SR-rm-012 Paper and Presentation (Preparation)Review the Sales & Marketing page located on the intranet site for Riordan Manufacturing. Identify and describe, based on your review, existing and needed business systems and subsystems. Draft the next 2 to 3 pages of the paper. Begin working on your Microsoft PowerPoint presentation.Individual McBride Marketing PaperResource Virtual Organization for McBride Financial Services McBride Financial Services wants to expand its customer base and need s ideas on what to put in its new marketing effort toward this goal. Write a 3- to 5-page paper describing a marketing plan for McBride Financial Services. In completing the assignment, consider the following What market research would you undertake? What types of media would you use? What are McBrides target markets? What are the considerations for McBride to conduct a portion of their marketing on the Internet? beg off your reasoning for your responses. Monday post to grade book15 Week Five Information Systems DetailsDuePoints Objectives5. 1Identify types of information systems and required security. 5. 2Apply the concepts of information systems to business processes. ReadingRead Ch. 1, Information Systems in Global Business Today, of Management Information Systems. ReadingRead Ch. 2, Global E-Business and Collaboration, of Management Information Systems. ReadingRead Ch. 3, Information Systems, Organizations, and Strategy, of Management Information Systems.ReadingRead Ch. 8, Secur ing Information Systems, of Management Information Systems. ReadingRead Ch. 13, Building Information Systems, of Management Information Systems. ParticipationParticipate in class discussion. 3 out of 7 days 8 for the week minimum. Participation on additional days is recommended. 3 out of 7 days with 2 posts minimum on those 4 days2 Supporting Activity Control TypesResources SkillSoft (2012). Control Fundamentals and Security Threats. Complete The Control Types module in Skillport. Imagine University of Phoenixs IT department has hired you.Your first task is to make sure the department is following the most important information security practices. Write a 2- to 3-page paper highlighting the most important information security practices. Answer the following questions in your paper in 200 to 300 words each What are three key elements for an organization to consider in strengthening its overall information security posture? Describe how each plays a role in the operations of the entir e organization. How do the principles of information security apply to the material that has been examined during the course?How can the systems used throughout the organization twain enable business and protect the data they contain? Monday post to grade book2 Learning Team Service Request SR-rm-012 Paper and PresentationReview the Operations page for Riordan Manufacturing. Identify and describe, based on your review, existing and needed business systems and subsystems. Include information on the need for IT security in Riordan Manufacturing. Include types of information systems and required security for Riordan Manufacturing. Complete the final paper and project presentation.Monday post to grade book30 Copyright University of Phoenix is a registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trade attach of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and pr oduct names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix editorial standards and practices.

Ethics on Abortion Essay

There are many ethical issues that are argued over in society. One extremely controversial issue however, is the problem faced with opposing beliefs on spontaneous miscarriage. Abortion, literally meaning the deliberate termination of mercifulkind pregnancy, is the issue commonly addressed by the liberals and the conservatives. Each side has its own philosophical theory on the event. The liberal theory suggests that a women has the right to decide what happens with her body. The conservative outlook would be that an unhatched rape, as a human being, has separate rights from those of the mother.The arguments that are generally discussed involve that abortion is a personal select, human flavour begins at conception, or that abortion can or can not be justified. The first argument on the ethics of abortion is that abortion is a personal choice. This idea on abortion intends to imply that a fetus is not a human life. The life of the brand-new(a) embryo is not forced to be car ried out because of the rights women possess. If new life is growing in a woman, then it should be her close as it is regarding her own bodily autonomy. Abortion should be in the best aid of the woman pregnant because it does not go out and affect those around her.Also if the women in situations where abortion is an option needed, then who is more correct to go and force them to carry out a pregnancy. The idea that people arrest some ethical claim to personal, bodily autonomy must be regarded as fundamental to the conception of any ethical, democratic, and free society. Given that autonomy exists as an ethical necessity, the question becomes how far that autonomy extends. The fact that a woman is button to proceed with an abortion does not affect the larger public so it should not be unethical for this action to take place because others think that it is wrong. galore(postnominal) people stand with the idea that abortion is ethically a personal choice because the situations can always be brought to the point where a woman is defend herself. Mary Anne Warrens stand on abortion is that of a liberal one. In her article, On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion, she concludes that a womens right to protect her health, happiness, freedom, and even her life, by terminating an unwanted pregnancy, will always override whatever right to life it may be appropriate to designate to a fetus, even a fully developed one. (pg. 16,Mappes) Warren believes that abortion is permittable because the fetus is not a fully developed person with moral characteristics they are human beings that are not yet a person. The opposing argument on the ethics of abortion is that human life begins at conception. The new human life that is growing should outright have the right to live. If a woman consented to sex or did not properly use contraception, then she knew that pregnancy dexterity have been a result. Whether the fetus is a human being or not, it is arguable that a woman has s ome sort of ethical cartel to the fetus.The obligation might not be strong enough to eliminate abortion, but it may be enough to limit abortion if it is morally chosen. Also look at abortion as the murder of a human being. When deciding on what ratiocination is more correct many mothers would decide on having to keep their baby and not killing it. This is because no matter the situation, the actions taken consequently resolved in pregnancy and now the mothers are ethically responsible to care for new life. Abortion should not be an acceptable solution for a pregnancy because human life should not be terminated and the new life should have responsibility commit to itself.The final argument on the ethics of abortion is that abortion can or can not be justified. This directly relates to the stance of the fetus and whether or not it is considered to be human life. In the early months of pregnancy, when the fetus hardly represents a human being at all, then abortion should be permis sible to the pregnant woman if it is in her interests. When taking a step into the middle months, the fetus now comes to resemble a person. The situation changes callable to the argument that the fetus may now be human life.Abortion in this case should only be justifiable if any economic, psychological, social or physical health would be presented through continued pregnancy. In the late months however, abortion would just be the wrong concept and unethical because the fetus is darling the peak of becoming human life. If any pregnancy lasts into the middle months or later, then abortion should already be out as an option because the decision could have been made in the early months. Moreover, abortion should only be the decision made for a mother totally uncapable of caring for new human life.The idea of abortion is a wide spread ethical issue. Many morals are different among the people who think abortion is right or the people who believe it is completely inhumane. Abortion is ri ght in the eyes of those who follow liberals. The mother has complete rights to protect herself and make a personal choice in keeping a fetus or not. For conservatives on the other end, abortion should not be the decision made due to the new life having full moral status and a serious right to live.There are also cases where abortion might not fall under unyielding rights the the mother or the fetus, which is why my position is in favor of the moderate way of thought. Pregnancies are in a wide amount of cases unwanted. But it is the situation of the pregnancy that should ultimately feed to the decision of abortion being ethical or not. For any unwanted pregnancies in the very early months, abortion should be acceptable because the fetus does not posses human like traits and it is in the interest of the pregnant woman.This might not be considered ethical because the mothers should have a dedicated responsibility to their baby but exceptions have to be made for situations where rape might have been the cause of pregnancy. The only time abortion should absolutely not be acceptable are for any pregnancies that have reached middle months or later. This is because the mother of the fetus has already allowed the pregnancy to last to the point where the fetus is now a lifelike human or baby.Also if the pregnancy was not aborted in the early months then there certainly should be no occasion to change the decision so long after conception. Abortion will be a never ending argument for what is right or wrong to do in the case where a human life or possible human life is at stake. But abortion has many twists and turns that lead to uneasy decisions that have to be made. So there might not be a way to tell what is the more ethically correct decision to make when dealing with such a controversial issue as abortion.

What is Valium?

Valium, also known as diazepam, belongs to a group of prescription drugs called benzodiazaines. Valium is used to control zymolysis due to withdrawals for people suffering from alcoholism. It is also used to relieve muscle spasms, anxiety, and seizures. Diazepam comes in a tablet, a capsule, and liquid to take by mouth. It whitethorn be taken with or without food, 1-4 times a day and you must follow the prescription directions carefully. The Diazepam concentrate comes with a dropper, and it must be thin with water, juice, or carbonated beverages. Some people mix it in applesauce or pudding before taking it.Diazepam whitethorn be addicting so doctors recommend that you do non take bigger doses than prescribed, and that you do not stop the medication all of a sudden because it may lead to withdrawals such(prenominal) as anxiousness, irritability, and sleeplessness. Before taking Valium you should tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to diazepam, alprazolam (Xanax), chlordiazepoxide (Librium, Librax), clonazepam (Klonopin), clorazepate (Tranxene), estazolam (ProSom), flurazepam (Dalmane), lorazepam (Ativan), oxazepam (Serax), prazepam (Centrax), temazepam (Restoril), triazolam (Halcion), or any other drugs.People who have myasthenia gravis, severe liver disease, narrow-angle glaucoma, a severe breathing problem, asthma, epilepsy, a news report of mental illness, drug or alcohol addiction, suicidal thoughts or behavior, should not take Valium. FDA recommends that a pregnant woman should not take Valium because it may harm the unborn youngster. If a woman becomes pregnant while taking Valium, she must tell her doctor because Valium may cause low line of credit pressure, breathing problems, or addiction and withdrawal symptoms in a newborn baby if the mother takes the medication during pregnancy.Diazepam can pass into the breastmilk and harm the baby while breastfeeding. Sedative effects of Valium may last longer in older adults, and accidental falls occur more in aged(a) patients who take it. Any one on this medication should not drive or operate heavy machinery while under the influence of Valium. This medicine is not to be given to a child younger than 6 months old because it affects the chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause anxiety. Taking alcohol while on Valium can add to the drowsiness caused by this drug, and cigarettes may decrease its effectiveness. Side effects are common and sometimes obvious.They may include drowsiness, dizziness, lethargy, gait problems, mental confusion, vertigo, and impaired vision. If restlessness, constipation, difficult or frequent urination, or blurred vision are severe and dont go away, you should contact your doctor immediately. If you experience seizures, shuffling walk, fever, difficulty breathing or swallowing, you should call your doctor and let him know. In case of an overdose you should call your local anesthetic poison control center. If the victim is pa ssed out or has stopped breathing, call 911. Do not let anyone else take your medications, and keep it stored out of reach of children.ReferencesGerada C, Ashworth M.. ( 2003 August). addiction Search. In Valium addiction, treatment, and withdrawal. Retrieved 4/20/2012, from http//www.addictionsearch.com/treatment_articles/article/valium-addiction-treatment-and-withdrawal_19.html.Omudhome Ogbru, PharmD . (1996-2012). MedicineNet.com. In diazepam, Valium. Retrieved April 30, 2012, from http//www.medicinenet.com/diazepam/article.htm.

Client conceptualization

Session Number 3 st years setting Office knobs Age 8 Estimated of Sessions Required 15 Case Conceptualization Client History Client is an eight year old, Caucasian female. The knobs cause, age 31 , call ons out(p) of the home. She in not conjoin or in a relationship at this clock. Clients m some other is the sole provider for client and her bother, age 10. Clients mother give tongue to that, their dad left when she was Just a baby and they look had no touch modality with him since. Linnets mother stated that clients dad would drink beer on a regular basis during he time in which they were married. Clients mother voiced that she and clients father would argue in front of the children before he left, further they were neer violent. Clients mother voiced that she does not drink alcohol or take drugs and never has. Clients mother stated that she has never been In Jail or In trouble with the law. The current legal military position of clients father is unknown at this time , as he now lives out of state. Clients mother has never remarried and has not brought any boyfriends around the children.Clients mother stated that client interacts well with her brother, UT they start out playing nice then they get rough and someone starts to cry. Client is going to be in the second grade at a local public prepare next year. Her grades in school are not consistent, varying from As to As. Client is indifferent about going to school and stated that she doesnt care if I have to go or not. Client goes to a separate folk to assistant her with her math and reading. Client began this last year, and mother states that there has been some improvement. Client does not have many friends at school.She has been suspended for hitting and kicking other dents. When asked why she was aggressive with the other students, client responded, they were being mean to me and talking about my kitty. When asked about her pregnancy with the client, her mother responded, l had a ruler pr egnancy and was not sick much. I took my vitamins everyday and tried to take care of my self. I had her at 39 weeks and 4 days. When discussing clients development as a toddler, her mother stated she was always a happy toddler, she would get upset when she didnt get her way or her brother took something from her. Present ConcernsThe client was brought in to the agency by her mother. Clients mother stated, l am worried about her because she plays very rough with her animals and her brother. Mother stated that client has a difficult time following circumspections and is aggressive with her words as well. Mother stated that client is very aggressive when I OFF up for no motive at all it does not take much to anger her. Mother reports that client fights with her brother patch at home and does not get along with the neighbors. Actual Core Issues Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CB) seems to be the most appropriate approach to apply to this case.The CB model has great appeal because it fo cuses on human estimate. human beings cognitive abilities have been responsible for our many accomplishments so may overly be responsible for our problems. By exploring patterns of thinking that lead to self-destructive actions and the beliefs that direct these thoughts, this client can modify her patterns of thinking to improve coping. CB is a type of psychotherapy that is different from traditional psychodrama psychotherapy in that the healer and the client forget participatingly work together to supporter the client recover from their mental illness.People who seek CB can expect their therapist to be problem- center, and goal-directed in addressing the challenging symptoms of mental illnesses. Because CB is an active intervention, one can also expect to do homework or practice outside of sessions. Cognitive Behavior Therapy is usually more focused on the present, more time-limited, and more problem-solving oriented. In addition, patients learn specific skills that they can use for the rest of their lives. These skills guide identifying distorted thinking, modifying beliefs, relating to others in different ways, and changing behaviorsThe clients mother brought her in for services because of her rough behaviors and aggression. With CB, the therapist will focus on the thoughts that are causing the feelings, which are then causing the behaviors. When others tell the client something that she does not agree with or like, the client has an anger outburst and sometimes uses physical harm on the other person. The aggressive behavior could be triggered by the thought that no one else cares about what she thinks. With the CB model, we can function the client take responsibility for her own actions. When the linen plays rough with her brother, she gets angry and hits him.That behavior is triggered by the thought that clients brother is playing too rough with her and trying to hurt her. Through redirection, the therapist can work with the client to understand how positive and forbid thoughts lead to a specific thought, which then lead to a behavior. When the client is able to understand how her thoughts lead to a specific behavior, and the counselor has helped the client change the direction of her thoughts, the client will be better. When she is able to identify that a thought does to have to a negative reaction, the client will be able to discharge from treatment.Treatment Intervention The treatment intervention here, should involve the active participation of the client in exploring her thoughts and behaviors. The expectation is that the client can realize how many distorted beliefs she has and help redirect her to healthy thoughts. The clients treatment will focus on thought patterns that cause distress and also on developing more realistic interpretations of events. Delusions are treated by their beliefs and encouraging them to recognize proof that may have been overlooked, evidence that does not support the belief.The benefit o f using CB with this client is that by changing the way she thinks about a situation, the client will be able to control her behavior. The goal of treatment is aimed to help the client become aware of when she makes negative interpretations, and of behavioral patterns, which reinforce her negative thinking. CB will help her develop alternative ways of thinking and behaving to reduce the psychological distress. It will be the counselors Job to memorize the client how to identify distorted cognitions through a process of evaluation. The linen will learn to assort between her own thoughts and reality.The end goal is for the client to be able to identify her own unconstructive benefits and prove them wrong resulting in her beliefs changing. The role of the counselor is to help the client solve problems that are of superior distress. This can be done through a structure that seeks to maximize efficiency, learning, and therapeutic change. Important part of each session include a mood check, a bridge between sessions, proportioning an agenda, discussing specific problems and principle skills in the context of solving these problems, setting of self- alp assignments, summary, and feedback.

Pandukabhaya (437 Bc †367 Bc)

Pandukabhaya (437 BC 367 BC) was King of Upatissa Nuwara and the graduation exercise monarch of the Anuradhapura domain and 6th over on the whole of the island of Sri Lanka since the arrival of the Vijaya, he reigned from 437 BC to 367 BC. According to many historians and philosophers, he is the first truly Sri Lankan king since the Vijayan invasion, and also the king who ended the conflict between the Sinha clan and local community, reorganizing the populace. His account statement is one wrapped in myth and legend. There are three prevailing opinions on his origin.In the Mahavansa, his acquire is Umaddha Citta and father is Digha Gamini, both of Indo-European origin Kumarathunga Munidasas opinion is that his father is Chittharaja. He has no affiliation to the Aryan dynasty. He is a local hero. editThe second ruler The second ruler of Sri Lanka was King Panduvasudeva, the nephew of Vijaya. Panduvasudeva married Baddha-Kacchayana, an extremely beautiful princess from India. The couple had ten sons, the eldest of whom was named Abhaya, and one girl named Chitra.When a sage prophesied that Chitra would bear a son who would kill nine of his uncles and claim the throne, nine of Chitras brothers told King Panduvasudeva to have her killed. However, Abhaya would not go away it and Chitra was spared. She married a prince named Digha-Gamini (who, incidentally, was her cousin) and had a son, who was named Pandukabhaya. editThe exchange of babies Chitra and Digha-Gamini had been made aware of the prophesy at the time of their jointure and had promised to put to death any son that Chitra gave birth to.However, once Pandukabhaya was born, Chitra was unwilling to kill the infant, and so she obstinate to exchange babies with another charwoman who had given birth to a baby girl that same day. Chitra announce to her father and husband that she had given birth to a girl. Only her mother, Baddha-Kacchayana, knew of the secret exchange. The woman who gave up her daught er took Prince Pandukabhaya to a nearby village called Dvaramandalaka where he would be brought up as a herdsmans son. editThe attempts on Pandukabhayas lifeThe first threat to Pandukabhayas life came while he was being transported to Dvaramandalaka. The woman who had exchanged infants with Chitra carried Prince Pandukabhaya to the village in a covered basket. Unfortunately, she ran into nine of Chitras brothers (the ones who had wanted their sister to be murdered for fear that her child would kill them). They asked her what she had in the basket and she replied that it contained food. Not satisfied with the answer, they asked her to open up the basket and show them its contents.Luckily, two wild boars happened to run past them, and they forgot about the basket in their ecstasy to hunt the animals down. The baby was delivered to the herdsman safely. That same year, King Panduvasudeva died and Abhaya became his successor. He was not a great king, entirely he was certainly a kind on e and he was well-loved, especially by the poor. Several age went by and when Pandukabhaya was about seven geezerhood old, rumours reached his nine uncles about a boy in Dvaramandalaka who supposedly was a herdsmans son, but who showed all signs of being of royal background.They suspected that this child may be their sisters son, because they had reason to believe that the little girl who was being brought up as a princess in the palace was not Chitras daughter. They sent out people to kill all boys in the village who were around the same age as their nephew. It was known that all the boys of Dvaramandalaka bathed at a certain pond, and it was planned that they should be killed while they were bathing. The plan was executed and several young children were murdered.Pandukabhaya, however, had been hiding at the time, and so he escaped death. While Pandukabhayas uncles were satisfied at the time that they had eliminated their nephew, some years later they became suspicious again wh en they heard stories of a village boy who looked more like a prince than a herdsmans son. They attempted to have him killed again, and the attempt failed once more. When Pandukabhaya was about sixteen years old, Princess Chitra, fearing for her sons safety, arranged to have him live with a Brahman named Pandula.Once he was old plenty to become king, Pandukabhaya left Pandula, married his cousin Pali and fought his uncles to claim his right to the throne. Eight of his ten uncles perished in the war, which lasted for seventeen years. Abhaya, who had never fought against Pandukabhaya, and Girikandasiva, who was Palis father, were not killed. Pandukabhaya was a good king and reigned over Sri Lanka for seventy years, leaving the body politic in a prosperous state when he die

Toyota Motor Manufacturing Case

The sudden increase of the production complexity, in seat volumes and variations, make some translucent flaws in the production capabilities of Toyotas Georgetown production plant. The root problem TMM facing is lack of coordination and planning inwardly the companies departments as well with its supplier KFS. For the supplier KFS, TMM didnt assess their practical production capacity in the lead launching in the altogether models. As a result, the sudden change of production volume due to naked modifications caused a series of problems in supply timberland and timing.The frequent change of demand from TMM made KFS troublesome to respond and fulfill the requests. As the quality issue of seats leadred, it indicated that KFS was not ready to produce the new model seats with a high volume and to meet demand of variations. The JIT production st prizegy doesnt allow supply issues, but in practice, TMM left the vehicles with problematic seats instead of shutting downward the produ ction identify to avoid high cost, which against traditional TPS. As a result, a greater controvert impact on the production line was created, such as more vehicles without seats stuck at photoflood area.Additional to the supply issues, the workers in the Georgetown plant were not well trained for assembling new models as well. When they found defective parts, TMM failed to follow up the solutions of such problems delay in response also made the same problems to occur frequently. On the other hand, overtime became another issue due to low quality work. In the long run, our recommendation to TMM is to setup a cross functional team in order to manage the projects related to the production of new vehicle models.Doing so will lead TMM to a stop communication along the different departments and with its suppliers as well. Sharing forecasts and design of future parts in appear with suppliers will improve the production efficiency. Cooperation in design with the supplier will decrease the defective rate in parts production such as the car seats. It is also highly recommended to build up an in-house training program to coach workers to assemble new models appropriately. Workers will be more capable to shed light on the problem by themselves after training.TMM needs to go back to the TPS and try to solve problems on the line instead of leaving them away. In the short run, TMM should give more time to KFS to fulfill the order, and when the problem occurred, it is transgress for them to solve together. Reviewing and tracing the problematic parts are necessary the new team should focus on the complaints from bottom workers, and then give the information back to suppliers (KFS) as soon as possible. In this way, it is untold easier to ensure the quality of new arrival parts and in case of the same problem occur again.

Mia philippines Essay

The Philippines was first put on the map by Portuguese adventurer Magellan working for the Spanish throne on March 16, 1521. The Philippines had set out a Spanish colony and was the first country to be named after a sovereign, Phillip II of Spain.1 Spanish rule had continued until 1898 when the Philippines had become an American colony following the Spanish-American War for the stately sum of $20 million. In 1942 during WWII, the Philippines had fallen low Japanese occupation and was liberated by American and Filipino forces under the leadership of General Douglas MacArthur in a fiercely contested battle that raged on between 1944 and 1945. The Philippines had bring home the bacon its independence on July 4, 1946, and had a functioning democratic system.2 The Philippines Archipelago consisted of 7,100 islands, covering an area of 299,735 square kilometers and was approximately lifesizer than Arizona. The capital city of Manila was situated on the largest Philippine island of Luz on (see Exhibit 1). The Philippines had a utter(a) domestic product (GDP) per capita of $3,400.3 The percentage of the population of the Philippines living below US$2 a twenty-four hour period was 45.2 per cent in 2006.4PHILIPPINE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENTResearch conducted in 2009 showed that the Philippines was ranked 140th for respite of doing business and 155th for starting a business, out of a total of 178 countries. It took on average 15 procedures and a total of 52 eld to complete business startup procedures in the Philippines compared to six procedures and 44.2 days and 5.8 procedures and 13.4 days for the same process in Asia and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, respectively.5 The Philippines had the second lowest nest egg and investment as share of GDP ratio in Asia6 (see Exhibit 2).PHILIPPINE FISHING manufactureThe Philippines has total territorial waters of 2.2 million square kilometers, of which coastal waters comprise 266,000 squ are kilometers and coastal reef area (10 to 20 fathoms deep, where reef look for takes place) comprise 27,000 square kilometers.7In 2003, the Philippines ranked ordinal among the top fish-producing countries in the world with its total product of 3.62 million metric tons of fish, crustaceans, mollusks and aquatic plants (including seaweed). The production constituted 2.5 per cent of the total world production of 146.27 million metric tons.8The fishing industrys contri furtherion to the countrys GDP was 2.3 per cent and 4.2 per cent, at current and constant prices, respectively. The industry engaged a total of 1,614,368 fishing operators nationwide,9 of which the artisanal fisheries sector accounted for 1,371,676.10 Artisanal fishing operations were typically family-based and used smaller craft. at that place were a total of 469,807 fishing boats in the Philippines, of which 292,180 were non-motorized and 177,627 were motorized.11 Fish was not only an important source of nutriti on, but as fishing did not require landownership or special permits it was an employment of last resort for tidy sum who had no other means of subsistence.MIA, DENMARKMIA was established in Denmark in 1975 by wealthy businessman Hagen Nordstrom, who devote the NGO to his wife Mia and made fighting scantiness his lifes work. (MIA stood for beloved in danish pastry.) MIA had ab initio focused solely on poverty-alleviating projects in Africa and had expanded its operations to Latin America and the Caribbean only in the early 1990s.The grandson of Nordstrom, Gillis Nordstrom, had taken over as MIA professorship in 2004 on the eve of the Bander Aceh Tsunami of December 26, 2004, which devastated southeastern Asia and killed as many as 130,000 people.12 Nordstrom had taken initiative and redirected MIA to focus on disaster recovery and poverty alleviation projects in Southeast Asia.MIA had established an office in Manila in January 2006, and the young Danish training economist Borj e Petersen was hired to manage the MIA Philippines office. Petersen was paid a starting salary of $75,000 a year plus housing, slightly below average for a comparable development economist position. Petersen knew that MIAs care was focused on Indonesia and Ma balladsia, which had been the hardest hit by the tsunami, and was anxious to carve out a position for MIA Philippines by designing an exceptional project.As the expansion into Asia was the pet project of MIAs chairman, Petersen felt assured that bread and butter would be easily appropriated and even expedited. Petersen knew that the average overseas posting for a development economist for MIA was ii years and had quickly established contact with local and international stakeholders and set up numerous meetings with large development project counterparts such as the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank and the German development aid organization GFZ to get an expedited understanding of the Philippines and its unique needs.B ased on the initial research, Petersen had decided that, whereas an farming(a) project would be feasible, it would take a long time to realize and the outcome could be obscure given the Philippines proneness to be hit by typhoons. Petersens research had revealed that small-scale aquaculture projects had been successfully use in the Philippines in the past. However, there were hardly any projects to speak of directed at artisanal fishing and select up on the vested opportunity and his desire to deliver fast results and prove himself worthy of the task that MIA and its chairman demanded, he had chosen to design a project helping artisanal fishermen.Petersen had researched the possibility of helping a fishing village close to Manila and the search for the ideal village had come to a successful closedown when MIAs driver, Vicente Tubo, had mentioned how some of his distant cousins fished for a living in a fishing village seven-spot to nine hours by car from Manila. A factfinding m ission to the village Barangay San Hagon was undertaken and the village was thus chosen as the beneficiary of MIAs pilot project in the Philippines.BARANGAY SAN HAGONBarangay San Hagon boasted 125 households and had a resident population of625. San Hagon lay on the south coast of Luzon, the largest island of the Philippines. The Barangay was the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and stemmed from the Spanish Barrio.13 Barangay San Hagon was administered by a local government unit (LGU) and consisted of seven Barangay council members and a chairman. The chairman of Barangay San Hagon was Rafael Buenaventura, age 59, who had held office for more than a decade. Fishing villages in the Philippines were very vulnerable to external risk, especially natural calamities such as typhoons, flooding and fish kills, which severely affected their financial situation.

The current Economic Situation in SA, India and Germany

Since the successful hosting of the roll cup footb both 2010 AS has bear on GAFF at Just infra 20%. IN has been spending a liberal portion of its wisecrack on GAFF and this change magnitude level more in 2004 to 2007 when they saw an increase from approximately 25% to 33%. GE has perk upn a gradual decline in GAFF however we continue to see this continue at the akin drift as Ger many an otherwise(prenominal) continues to indue in renewable energy technology and radical. Extrapolating IN and AS GAFF to 2020 we channel to see much the same ratio and a moving medium extrapolation done to 2020 has been utilise for two countries.Economic theory states that gross savings, made up from the surplus betwixt in grapple and expenditure of households, business and g every overnment, is used to finance GAFF. The as centre of attentionption is that these savings are stored in financial institutions and these institutions impart the savings to entrepreneurs and businesses in order for them to invest in capital. We tail assembly see from Fig. A. 9 in cecal appendage A that the correlation between the dimension spent by the 3 countries on GAFF is proportional to the countries gross savings.AS savings as a role of ranch is super low in comparison to both GE and IN. Although AS bed lend gold in order to fund GAFF which it does this is non an ideal situation. It is essential for a country to systematically spend on GAFF as it is the capital which move arounds and keep abreasts any deliverance. The culture in AS is not to lifelessness and in order to consistently fund capital it is essential for the AS public to emerge to save. 12 Fig. A. II in accompaniment A indicates human knowledge index (HID) for AS, IN and GE for the stage 1995 to 2020.The HID is a throwawayment of life inquireancy, educational attainment and income. The apprize expressed by HID is a value between O and 1 . The human development index is a measure of comparison d eep down a country and a value of 1 would sozzled perfect equality ND O would mean perfect inequality. As necessitateed GE the developed country has the highest HID rating with an average of over 0. 9 since 2005. AS comes in second place with an average of 6. 19% from 2005 to 2014. AS has one of the human beings around progressive constitutions and is based on the belief that AS belongs to all who function in it.AS is not with disclose its equality challenges and unemployment, declining education system (WEFT spherical rivalrousness report outranks AS education as forty-sixth out of 148 countries), high offense place (rape in AS is the highest in the humanity), and widening spreading drift rich and poor. IN score worst on the HID as a result of a heroic tribe many of whom live in abject poverty. It is however nice to see that things in IN are changing and they go for come a long way since 1995 when they scored only 0. 4 HID and in 2014 they scored 0. 56 Just less than AS.Extrapolating GE HID to 2020 we SE no reason for any change and depend to see consistent value Just above 0. 9 for the whole halt 2014 to 2020. Extrapolating AS HID to 2020 we expect the effects of a less competitive education system coupled with increasing unemployment, growing abomination ate and widening of the gap between rich and poor to stagnate any improvements and predict a possible decrease in the HID for AS over the period 2014 to 2020. Inequality in IN is lock a problem and we predict moderate improvement in HID but until there is a positive change especially in inequality between gender IN is unlikely to exceed 0. On the HID scale before 2020. 13 3. Conclusion 14 4. References 15 vermiform appendix A 1 1. excogitation This assignment constitutes a range of stinting variables from 1995 to present day and then extrapolates these variables to 2020. The economic variables are presented n three countries South Africa (AS) India (IN) Germany (GE). The assignment ex plains trends and reasons for changes including the interrelationships between the economic variables, the countries presented, global economic forces and other socio-political economic factors deep down the specific country being described.AS is an upper-middle-income, emerging market providence and has been so for over 50 years. AS has an abundant supply of inseparable resources and a diversified tumefy developed economy which boasts a utility sector which draws for more than 65% of join economic activity. AS has introducen impressive hatchway maturation since it was welcomed behind onto the inter discipline stage after spending many years in economic isolation from the recumb of the terra firma. AS has a functional infrastructure which falls short predominantly in the shortage of energy which has contributed to slowing economic return.Eskimo, the AS parental power supplier, is building two new MAMMA burn fired power stations (Medium and Sessile) which were due to come on line in 2012 and when ultimately undefiled should relieve the energy crisis AS has faced since 2007. AS faces a number of other challenges which will be discussed in the odd of this assignment. If AS is to escape the middle income trap it trains to realism a GAP growth in excess of 6% for over 20 years. IN has a long identifying which includes British colonization.After years of passive civil disobedience and resistance to British rule, by the likes of Mahatma Ghanaian, IN finally got its independence in 1947. Economic reforms in 1991 helped IN to average over 6% growth from 1998 to 2014. India has a rapidly developing economy that is well diversified specializing in the IT and business gain sectors capitalizing on a highly educated and skilled workforce. IN has many challenges including a large population many of whom live in abject poverty, political science corruption and pollution which has caused extensive damage to the environment.GE in terms of purchase power parity (POP) is the fifth largest economy in the world and boasts the largest economy in Europe. GE is considered a upper-income developed economy and is renowned as a leading machinery, car, chemical and technology exporter in the world market. GE has a highly productive, highly skilled, technical and well educated population which enables them to remain competitive on the European and global stage. In 1999 GE and 10 other European countries formed the European Union (EX.) and they introduced a common currency called the Euro.GE has committed to decommission all its Nuclear power stations, which account for 25% of Gees power supply, by 2022. GE is investing extensively in renewable resources and is emerging as a world leader in this sector. 2. Discussion pomposity 2. 1 There are many causes of inflation, we take a look at a few of the causes in the context of the countries in the slur Demand factors Rise in production costs Exchange rate fluctuations The crude fossil oil set Th e cost of labor. Fig. A. In Appendix A indicates the average annual inflation for AS, IN and GE from 1995 to present and extrapolated to 2020. From Fig. A. L, it can be noted that GE a developed country has a very motionless inflation rate that is consistently low averaging 1. 56% for the period 1995 to 2014. The prevailing reason for this is that GE has a very strong stable currency and is not exposed to alternate rate fluctuations. GE overly has a very low population growth with an average year on year of -0. 4% for the period 1996 to 2014 which means any increase in demand for goods from GE has to come room the global market and not inside its own borders. The rise in production costs as a result of high labor costs in GE possibly accounts for the major(ip)ity of the inflation. GE has to large extent countered inflation by mechanizing production and reducing labor inputs coupled with the fact they have a highly skilled, educated and productive workforce which counters the hig h cost of labor in GE.Germany inflation is extrapolated, use a moving average calculation, to 2020. Consideration was given to GE stable inflationary history and the unappeasable austerity measures the EX. has chosen since the global recession in 2008. In contrast to the stability of inflation in GE, inflation in AS and IN the two developing countries has been extremely volatile. Although AS and IN have positive population growth and a growing middle income population which feeds internal demand for goods and function the AS and IN economies remain heavily reliant on the rest of the world.On the 18 July 2014, Gill Markus the SARA regulator hiked post group rates by 25 basis points in an attempt to curb inflation. The hike in touch rates should have an effect on reducing inflation as the cost of reference book increases and consumers tighten their belts. The extrapolation of the AS inflation selective information to 2020 is a mathematical moving average keeping within the targ ets set by the SARA of 3-6%. There is a growing risk that inflation is likely to exceed the SARA targets.Due to coerce in terms of slow economic growth SARA is unlikely to hike interest rates by also much as this would stifle economic growth. Business in AS is coming under increased haul from Labor. MIMIC and NINJA Strikes in the Platinum belt coupled with the new NASSAU use up will inevitably increase the cost of labor which in reach will have a knock on effect on increasing inflation. The NC government are considering alternate employment development incentives which if successful will help reduce the cost of labor, accelerate economic growth and reduce inflation.AS is extremely exposed to crude oil price hikes and central rate fluctuations which cause the cost of imported goods to maturate with a rise in counterchange rates. unaccompanied has the potential to provide a buffer to the oil price and effects of exchange rate on landed oil price however they check on an impo rt parity pricing model. The competitions commission has handed down heavy nines on SOLO and the regulation of the SOLO import parity pricing model is highly likely.This will roll out to the Plastics industry in AS and should have a positive effect on Job creation, visit input costs and effectively lower inflation. 2. 2 Economic Growth Fig. A. 2 in Appendix A indicates the gross domestic product (GAP) of three countries AS, IN and GE for the period 1995 to 2020. On the particular unsloped axis of rotation is billions of international dollars the measure using purchasing power parity (POP) theory which enables us to negate the effects of exchange rates between countries and compare GAP in real terms.The GAP POP measure is interesting in that it shows the congress size of the 3 economies to each other. We can see Just how small AS is in terms of the bigger players and although this may be disconcerting it is alpha to remember that AS has the 23 largest economy in the world. On t he secondary vertical axis (Fig. A. 2 in Appendix A) we can see the percentage change year on year in GAP. Between 1995 and 2007 AS and IN experienced 3. 6% and 6. 9% growth year on year. GE was not as successful with average growth of only 1. 6% over the same period.Then came he great recession or economic meltdown of 2008/2009 where all 3 countries saw a downturn in GAP especially AS and GE who registered a ostracise GAP growth in 2009. Inns GAP growth only dipped to Just over 5% in 2009 showing a resilient economy not overly exposed to the rest of the world. In the recovery phase all three countries recovered well however a second dip in 2011 to 2012 hit IN the hardest and IN dipped to Just under 4% GAP growth in 2012. AS hosted the 2010 FIFE world cup soccer which created large scale infrastructural spending by the government through the recession period helping to boost the AS economy.Extrapolating GAP growth into 2020 for IN there is likely to be sustained albeit slower GAP growth. IN has a burgeoning youth who are very well educated, are spontaneous to work for very little and can converse extremely well in English giving IN a competitive advantage on the global market in the business service sector. IN is however coming under a lot of contract from the Philippines who are competing in convertible global markets in the business service and IT support sectors. IN needs to look to new industries in order to sustain its GAP growth.Extrapolating GE GAP growth to 2020 we note that GE has a eclipsing population however with their commitment to renewable resource energy technology and the growing emphasis in the world on green initiatives it is likely that Germany will capitalist on this advantage in order to sustain very moderate GAP growth. GE has a responsibility to other EX. countries and the poor performance of other EX. players could curb economic growth in GE. AS has a lot of challenges it needs to overcome in order to achieve sustained growth and escape the middle- income economy trap that has been its nemesis for the last 50 years.AS needs to address its labor issues and overcome the growing gap between rich and poor. The world economic forum competitiveness report indicates a host of positive factors which AS can build on however there are a number of shortcomings and AS needs to address these if it wants to continue to grow its economy. Extrapolating AS growth to 2020, it is laborious to foresee the current AS government under its leadership do any major inroads to solving the macro economic problems that will allow AS to realism bigger GAP growth.Coupled to this the fact that AS is highly dependent on china and Europe for economic growth, the watch for AS is moderate and we could e stagnation or counterbalance a decline in GAP over the next few years. Extrapolating IN growth to 2020, we perceive continued high GAP growth which exceeds 6% annually possibly coming under pressure if the world market does not jibe thi s growth and as it comes under increasing pressure from global competition I. E. Philippines. 2. 3 Unemployment Fig. A. In Appendix A indicates the unemployment rates as a percentage of the economically active population in AS, IN and GE. IN has the smallest reported unemployment rate of the three countries with an average over the period 1995 to 2014 of Just under 4%. GE which also boasts a very low unemployment rate has an average of 8. 3% for the same period. AS has an alarmingly high unemployment rate with an average of Just over 24% over the same period. What is near disconcerting is in spite of the fact that AS has shown relatively consistent GAP growth the unemployment rate has continued to grow.The AS government (the NC) is part of a tripartite alliance with COATIS ( championship union) and the ASAP (communist party). Until this alliance is gloomy it is unlikely AS will review labor regulations which would make it easier for business to employ more people. concord to Eddi e Rood, AS does not have an unemployment problem it has an employment problem. In other words it is too difficult for business to employ people and until regulations are focused more in favor of the employer than the employee the unemployment rate in AS is likely to consistently increase until 2020.In GE and IN there is likely to be very little change in the unemployment rate shown in the extrapolation which is a weighted moving average extrapolated through to 2020. 2. 4 Exchange Rates Fig. A. 4 in Appendix A indicates the average annual exchange rates for AS, IN and GE or the period 1995 to 2020. The primary vertical axis indicates IN Rupees exchange rate to the US dollar ( utilise) and the secondary vertical axis indicates Rands and German label to the USED. GE which is a developed upper-income country has the least volatile exchange rate and has yielded an average of 0. 3 German Marks and Euro from 2002 to the USED. The IN Rupee and the AS rand, although depicted on different sc ales, have followed very similar trends indicating the irritability and dependence of developing countries currency on external global economic factors. The AS Rand is under a lot of pressure at present with regular service delivery protests and wildcat strikes like the atomic number 78 belt strike and the current NASSAU metal workers strikes followed by the ASIATIC strike due to bring down on Thursday 24 July 2014.Coupled to this poor GAP growth, corruption, lack of service delivery and lackluster leadership from the ruling party is promoting uncertainty and possibly long term negative sentiment. Extrapolation of the exchange rate data for all 3 countries was carried out based on the MIFF projections on GAP in national currency vided by GAP in dollars. This extrapolation was double checked against factors that might influence the exchange rate in the form of Inflation, Gold Price, supply and demand for USED and SARA monetary policy.In the case of AS the hypothesis that AS compe ls less attractive to external investors and the inflow of USED reduces is highly likely. The net effect of less dollars inflow into AS can result in a weaker rand. The SARA has a very strict fiscal policy which pegs the targeted inflation rate in AS at 3 to 6%. Under the hustling eye of Gill Markus the SARA attempts to curb inflation by easing the Report Rate which is the rate at which the SARA lends gold to other banks.By raising the Report rate the cost of credit is increased which in turn should reduce demand and with less bullion there should be less demand for goods forcing the price of goods to come down subsequently reducing Inflation. If inflation is lowered then the risk of AS goods becoming too expensive, (as a result of inflation increasing production costs), on the export market is reduced. AS is the worlds 5th largest Gold producer and gold production and exports account for a large percentage of the inflow of SAID. A change in the price of gold has a large effect on the inflow of dollars which can subsequently lead to a depreciation of the rand.Although the USED is one of the most sought after and used currencies in the world fluctuations in the USED with specific reference to the appreciation of the USED can mean the Rand will depreciate. IN is subject to the same forces as AS with respect to exchange rates and the sum of these forces account for the volatility of the two currencies. A weaker exchange rate promotes local manufacturing due the opportunities to gain higher(prenominal) margins on the international markets. The volatility of the developing countries currencies counteracts a large portion of potential growth, due to relative uncertainty and high risk.It would be better if the exchange rate was consistently weak or even if it was consistently strong it would allow for less risk in investments into capital. Extrapolating GE exchange rate to 2020 is easier as the variability is small and we do not expect to see much change in exch ange rates from GE as shown on Fig. AAA in Appendix A. In the case of AS and IN extrapolated to 2020 we expect to see a rise in exchange rates and a tapering off off towards 2020. Both IN and AS will remain exposed to world economic forces and inflows and outflows of portfolio foreign investment. 2. 5 refer Rates Fig. A. In Appendix A indicates the Interest rates for AS, IN and GE for the period 1997 to 2020. Interest rate refers to a rate which is charged for the use of or loan of money. The interest rate which is depicted in Fig. A. 5 in Appendix A refers to the rate at which the agree bank lends to other banks. The interest rate is one of a number of tools used by the give up banks (central banks) to tighten or relax the monetary policy. The general trend for all three countries is a relaxing of their respective monetary policy in terms of interest rates as we see a big decline in interest rates for the period 1997 to 2014.The expectation with a lower interest rate is that c redit is cheaper and money supply would grow quickly driving economic growth as the demand for goods and services increases and producers scramble to catch up with demand. Fig. A. L in Appendix A indicates that all three countries have been experiencing positive GAP growth barring the 2008/2009 world economic recession. The effect of pressure on supply of goods and services tends to drive the price up as odds and services become scarcer and consumers are willing to pay more this drives inflation up.The SARA has set targets of 3 to 6% on Inflation as it is a proportional measure of the effects of hiking or lowering interest rates. The 2008/2009 recession has caused a slower demand for credit and lower interest rates from all 3 countries especially GE with interest rates of well infra 1% is an attempt by the Deutsche Bundestag to dismiss the GE economy. In AS, the SARA has raised interest rates (tightened fiscal policy) in an attempt to curb inflation and keep it within the 3 to 6% targets. The data for the 3 countries is extrapolated to 2020 based on a moving average.In AS the Interest Rate trend from 2014 to 2020 is predicted upwards to as high as 9% in 2020 as AS inflation and exchange rates remain under pressure and the SARA attempts to control the inflation within its targets. In IN the interest rates are predicted to continue to reduce to 2020 to stimulate the IN economy to grow. The pressure on food sources in India could drive Inflation upwards causing an increase in the interest rates. Similarly in GE the interest rates are expected to remain low with a gradual rise from 2014 to 2020.Contrary to the economic recovery plan adopted in USA (economic stimulus plan), GE and its EX. partners have opted for a more conservative approach and austerity measures have caused a slowdown in private spending. In order to fuel the economy and provide cheap credit the interest rates are extremely low yet GAP growth remains slow. Until there is an upturn in the economy interest rates in GE are likely to remain very low from 2014 to 2020. 2. 6 Trade Balance and Current Account Balance Fig. A. 6. 1 in Appendix A indicates the trade balance in AS, IN and GE for the period 995 to 2020.The trade balance is calculated by subtracting total import payments from total export earnings including gold and non-gold products. AS and GE are shown in USED on the secondary vertical axis and IN is shown on the primary axis. Trade balances for all 3 countries follow similar trends to the current account balance. The platinum strikes which lasted 5 months will have a negative effect on the balance of trade and subsequently the current account balance. Fig. A. 6. 2 in Appendix A indicates the current account balance in AS, IN and GE for the period 1995 to 2020.The current account includes trade balance and service, income and transfer receipts less service, income and transfer payments. Fig. A. 6. 2 primary vertical axis indicates the IN and AS current account balanc e in USED. The secondary vertical axis indicates the GE current account balance in USED. We can see that up until 2001 GE was running a marginal current account shortfall and how they have turned this deficit into a large current account surplus. Germany is a leading technology supplier and has developed strong trade relations with China and the rest of the world.On the back of the Chinese and world economic growth the Germans have been able to capitalist and show a growing current account surplus. IN and AS who were pretty much break even on current account balance up until 2004 have embarked on development strategies. As can be seen in Fig. A. 6. 2 in Appendix A, IN has been a lot more ravening in borrowing money and growing the current account deficit than AS. AS is often accuse by world investors for not borrowing enough to boost development and economic growth.Extrapolating the data on to 2020 1 have taken the MIFF projections to 2018 and extrapolated to 2020 using a moving av erage calculation. AS would be expected to grow the current account deficit as they spend more on infrastructure in an attempt to stimulate the economy. AS imports a large variety of goods and services and exports predominantly natural resources. It would be wise for AS to develop industry that can add value to the natural resources in order to add value and ultimately increase its export value whilst simultaneously decreasing the need to import. . 7 Money Supply and Credit Growth Money growth is shown on the primary vertical axis and credit growth as a percentage of GAP is shown on the secondary vertical axis for all three countries. The creation of money is largely dependent on bank deposits which when this money is leant out by the bank triggers the money creating process. The balance of payments and government finances are both major contributing factors to the creation of money. Gross savings, credit growth are also triggers for money growth as they contribute to the amount of bank deposits.Fig. A. 7. 1 in Appendix indicates MM annual money growth and credit growth as a percentage of GAP growth. Although there is considerable offset between the 3 countries the money growth trends year on year between all three countries are very similar. In the years preceding 2008 AS and IN showed consistent annual MM money growth of above 10%. In the global recession of 2008/2009 AS was hardest hit and dropped down to a money growth of just over 2% but has recovered to Just over 5% and is expected to be sluggish in money growth extrapolating to 2020.IN managed to remain less effected by the global recession and has retained annual money MM growth in excess of 10%. IN is expected to show more conservative money growth figures to 2020 as the world economy remains sluggish. GE has shown a reduced money MM growth and is even wowing negative money growth since 2009. The trend extrapolated to 2020 is expected to remain much the same. In AS credit growth as a percentage of GAP is extremely high at an average of over 185% of GAP since 2004. In comparison to GE (129%) and IN (67%) for the same period.The growth in credit does not result in bank deposits and subsequently an increase in credit growth has a negative impact on money growth. 2. 8 Budget Deficit and Government Debt Fig. A. 8 in Appendix A indicates the figure deficit and government debt as a percentage of GAP for AS, IN and GE for the period 1995 to 2020. The figure deficit for all three countries is shown on the primary vertical axis and the government debt for all 3 countries is shown on the secondary vertical axis. As a general rule of thumb the budget deficit should not exceed 3%.Since the late sasss AS has managed to consistently achieve budget deficits lower than 3% and in 2006 even managed to achieve a budget surplus. Since 2007 the budget deficit for AS and IN has increased with the AS budget consistently above the illusive 3% value. Since the 2008 and 2009 recession the AS government has, in similar fashion to the USA governments tumulus plan, understandably been spending more in an attempt to fuel the economy and stimulate much needed economic growth. Similar to AS IN has increased government debt and is slowly bringing their budget deficit down from deficit in excess of 10% to below 9% and trending downwards.GE has decreased its government debt as a percentage of GAP and has firm control of its budget deficit showing consistent budget surpluses since 2012. Extrapolating the budget deficits to 2020 we can expect GE to remain in a surplus situation with AS stabilizing and remaining at Just above 4% with a possibility of returning to below 3% budget deficit. IN is expected to perform well and reduce their budget deficit to below 7% consistently to 2020. In terms of Government debt, GE is expected to consistently reduce government debt in line with the conservative economic plan and in line with EX. guidelines.AS is expected to increase government debt up to 2020 as it needs to stimulate economic growth through government spending. IN will continue to reduce government debt to 2020 as indicated in Fig. A. 8 in Appendix A. 2. 9 Gross Fixed Capital Formation the AS public to start to save. The Gross savings for all three countries has been extrapolated based on a moving average. . 10 human being Development Index Fig. A. II in Appendix A indicates human development index (HID) for AS, IN and GE for the period 1995 to 2020.The HID is a measurement of life expectancy, educational attainment and income. The value expressed by HID is a value between O and 1 . The human development index is a measure of equality within a country and a value of 1 would mean perfect equality and O would mean perfect inequality. As expected GE the developed country has the highest HID rating with an average of over 0. 9 since 2005. AS comes in second place with an average of 6. 19% from 2005 to 2014. AS has nee of the worlds most progressive constitutions and is base d on the belief that AS belongs to all who live in it.AS is not without its equality challenges and unemployment, declining education system (WEFT global competitiveness report rates AS education as 46th out of 148 countries), high crime rates (rape in AS is the highest in the world), and widening gap between rich and poor. IN score worst on the HID as a result of a large population many of whom live in abject poverty. It is however nice to see that things in IN are changing and they have come a long way since 1995 when they scored only 0. HID and in 2014 they scored 0. 56 Just less than AS.Extrapolating GE HID to 2020 we SE no reason for any change and expect to see consistent value Just above 0. 9 for the whole period 2014 to 2020. Extrapolating AS HID to 2020 we expect the effects of a less competitive education system coupled with increasing unemployment, growing crime rate and widening of the gap between rich and poor to stagnate any improvements and predict a possible decrease in the HID for AS over the period 2014 to 2020. Inequality in IN is still a problem and we predict moderate improvement in HID but until there is a key change especially in